| Black bear, is also called the Asia black bear( Selenarctos), English name: Asiatic Black bear. Nickname: The black bear, black blind person, dog hunchback, Tibet black bear, Himalayas black bear, crescent moon bear and black baby. The black bear is a large beast that perchs in forest and has high edible and medical value .In the past, the black bear was not included to the aegis animal, in the mountain area ,the black bear is considered as harmful animal. With the deterioration of ecologic environment the habitat of black bear is becoming smaller and smaller. It is always killed for its economic value. The black bear is in the verge of extinction. According to its serious suffering, CITES listed it as the aegis object. Our country has already listed it as national II aegis animal. Some related international organizations were established and some meetings were convoked to protect the black bear. A lot of scholars have launched research work on black bear. It is the large and public duty to protect the black bear resources. It is also the urgent work for the animal protectors. The protection work includes population viability, population genetics, environment factors and so on. There have been few useful and systemic research data so far. This research is focus on the study of Minshan mountains black bear population viability analysis(PVA) and molecular biology of black bear.1 The results of Minshan mountains black bear population viability analysis:Minshan mountains situate in the border of Sichuan and Ganshu province, north is from Min County of Ganshu, south to Dujiangyan of Sichuan, west is from Shongpan Langmu temple and Maoergai, east to Yanchang and Wudu of Ganshu with Qinchuan of Sichuan, The administrative area includes Wen County, Kang County ,Cheng County and Liangdang of Ganshu . Pinwu, Qinchan, Anxian, Shifang and Mianzhu of Sichuan, and south department of Wudu and Jiuzhaigou, and eastern regions of Maowen and Shongpan, and northern part region of Dujiangyan and Penzhou. The habitat area of black bear is 16412 km2 among the total 56000 km2 area. According to the field investigation there are about 1605 black bears in Minshan mountains .The carrying capacity of Minshan mountains is about 5282 individuals which was roughly estimated according to the environment that the black bear's nest land area and food supply.The Minshan mountains black bears' population viability analysis (PVA) has been carried out. The Vertex software is used to simulate on population dynamics with the kind without inbreeding and inbreeding cause death same price coefficient is 3.14, food poor harvest and human-caught as disaster change factors based on the already various parameters collected. The food poor harvest brings to 5% reproduction fail and death every 10 years;In the cultivating area of Sichuan it is allowed to catch 2 % of the total black bears, 2 % reproduction fail rate and 2% death rate. At the same time we also imitated the humen-catched at 3% and 5%, when the humen-catched is at 3% and 5% the reproduction fail rate and the death rate is 3% and 5% respectively. Then from 2002 to 2102, and outs every partition 10 years give the estimate report, every time estimate report repetition to imitate 500-1000 times. The result is as the following:.1.1 Without inbreeding depression and catastrophes, the inside increase rateY =0.046, A=1.047,the clean grow rate RO =1.644, average generation time of female T=10.80, average generation time of male T=11.70. Quantities of population quickly increase in a short time, and stability maintain under the environment carrying capacity. We watched the heterozygosity rate at inside 100 years to slightly have to lower. Inside 100 years dynamics and heterozygosity rate of population of the black bear in Minshan mountains without inbreeding depression and catastrophes(outs every partition 10 years give a report, bottom is same as) is: 2829, 0.997±0.001: 4014, 0.982±0.016; 4763, 0.971 ±0.027; 5068, 0.962 ± 0.037; 5165,0.957±0.042; 5202, 0.951 ±0.046; 5210...
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