| Soil fungi are those which have some part of or whole life cycle either in or directly associated with soil environment. Their role in soil is an extremely complex one and is fundamental to the soil ecosystem. It is an immensely diverse group of organisms, Fungi Imperfeci are the most abundant in species, and dematiaceous hyphomycetes account for more than one half of it. China span warm temperate zone, temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone, soil types and vegetation types are abundant, soil as a complex ecosystem, may contain plenty of fungi resource. This study focuses on investigating this group fungi in the warm temperate zone of Eastern China, and intend to discover more species and genera then enrich the species diversity of China.This study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), then it can go with a swing. We selected representative sites in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu 5 provinces and Beijing, Tianjin, collected approximately 260 soil samples. We get more than 700 isolates from those soil samples. The main isolation methods are soil plate methods and dilution plate methods. Based on careful identification, we discoved 95 species included in 36 genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Among them,11 taxa are new to China, they are Dictyosporium sinensis, Doratomyces spiralis, Fusariella obstipasis, Fusariella echinulata, Monodictys chlamydosporum, Pithomyces cylindrospora, Pithomyces pallide, Scolecobasidium obovatumsis, Scolecobasidium microspora, Ulocladium taishanensis and Ulocladium levis.23 species are newly recorded to China, i.e. Acrophialophora levis Samson & T. Mahmood, Bipolaris chlorides (Alcon) Alcon, Doratomyces nanus (Ehrenb.) F.J. Morton & G. Smith, Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers.)F.J. Morton & G. Smith, Fusariella bizzozeriana (Sacc.) S. Hughes, Fusariella atrovirens (Berk.) Sacc, Gliomastix musicola (Speg.) C.H. Dickinson, Monodictys glauca (Cooke & Harkn.)S. Hughes, Periconia macrospinosa Lefebvre & A.G. Johnson apud Lefebvre, Johnson & Sherwin, Phialomyces macrosporus P.C. Misra & P.H.B.Talbot, Pithomyces pavgii (Nath) M.E. Palm, E.L. Stewart & Rossman, Scopulariopsis carbonaria F.J. Morton & G. Smith, Scopulariopsis croci van Beyma, Stachybotrys breviusculus McKenzie, Stachybotrys cylindrospora C.N. Jensen, Stachybotrys mangiferae P.C. Misra & S.K. Srivast., Stachybotrys parvispora S. Hughes, Stachybotrys microspora (B.L. Mathur & Sankhla) S.C. Jong & E.E. Davis, Trichurus spiralis Hasselbr, Trichurus dendrocephalus Udagawa, Trichocladium asperum Harz, Ulocladium consortiale (Thüm.) E.G. Simmons and Ulocladium alternaria (Thüm.) E.G. Simmons. 2 new recorded genus are Taeniolella S. Hughes and Leptographium Lagerberg & Melin.4 species undeterminated, they are Arthirium sp, Leptographium sp, Ulocladium sp1 and Ulocladium sp2.All dried cultures are deposited in the HSAUP (Herbarum Shandong Agriculture University, Plant Pathology), at the same time all isolates are deposited properly.Based on those works, we concluded the taxonomic methods and criteria of genera and species of soil fungi as well as our viewpoints about this group fungi.1.The taxonomic criteria of generaAlmost of our isolates got from soil have blastospores, holoblastic or enteroblastic, but the patterns of conidiophores (conidiogenous cells) prolongation are various, for example sympodial, annellidic and some others. Thus patterns of conidia formation and conidiophores (conidiogenous cells) prolongation can separate all genera which included in our study, and they are the main criteria to class genera.Characters of conidiogenous cells and conidiophores, patterns of conidia germination and the order of septum (distoseptum) ontogeny are very important in differentiate those genera whose patterns of conidia formation and conidiophores prolongation are same. Characters, color and grow traits of colonies are useful in assistant to differentiate some genera, absent or present setae can differentiate some genera too.2 The taxonomic criteria of speciesAim...
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