| The study mainly deals with the taxonomy of the Mecoptera from China, and phylogenic analysis and biogeography of Panorpidae. Two hundred and forty-one species belong to 3 families, Panorpidae, Panorpodidae, Bittacidae, known in China are diagnosed, of which 34 species( including 5 species P. wangwushana published in 2004, B. obscurus, B. flavidus, B. longiprocessus, B. trapezoideus published in 2005) are new to science and 2 new to China, 2 new synonyms, 3 new honomyms and 16 species-group are proposed. The new species include: B.echinatus, B. puripennis, B.implicatus, P. variabilis, P. sinensis, P. minuta, P. elagans, P. triangulata, P.byersi,P.digitiformis,P. semiorbiculata,P.brevigracilis, P. ramispina, P. furcata,P. sericata,P. nonspinata, P. erecta, P.estipitata,P. maculosa,P.flava, P. plicata, P. ovalis,N.triangulata,N.robusta,N.clavulata,N.dipetala,N. immaculata,N. inflexua,N. sordida, spp.n.. The new record species to China are: N. cuspidata Byers, 1965; N. nielseni Byers, 1965 n.rec.。N. jiulongensis Zhou, 1993 (synonym of N. ophthalmica Navas, 1911);P.sexspinosa zhongnanensis Chou & Ran(synonym of Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng,1947) are new synomyms. Three new homonyms are found and renamed new names as follows: N. orientalis (=N. magna Chou & Wang, 1988, preoccupied by N. magna Issiki, 1927);P. changbaishana(=P. choui Hua, 1998, preoccupied by P. choui Zhou, 1993);P. huai(=P. acuta Issiki & Cheng, 1947, preoccupied by P. acuta Carpenter, 1931) nom.nov.。The Chinese species of the genus Panorpa may be divided into 10 species-group, i.e. longihypovalva-group, wormaldi-group, japonica-group, macrostyla-group, gressitti-group, communis-group, tincta-group, deceptor-group, cornigera-group and diceras-group; and the genus Neopanorpa into 6 species groups, viz. brisi-group, orientalis-group, brevivalvae-group, k-maculata-group, magna-group and jigongshanensis-group。The results of phylogenic analysis show that 1) the relationship between longihypovalva　-group and outgroup is closed. 2)longihypovalva-group, wormaldi-group and japonica-group of Panorpa form the most primitive species-groups. 3) except longihypovalva-group, wormaldi-group and japonica-group of Panorpa, the other species-groups of Panorpa and all species-groups of Neopanorpa are divided into two group, ie, one contains the other species-groups of Panorpa: diceras-group, cornigera-group, tincta-group, macrostyla-group, gressitti-group, communis-group and deceptor-group, the other consists of all species-groups of Neopanorpa: magna-group, jigongshanensis-group, brevivalvae-group, k-maculata-group, brisi-group and orientalis-group. 4) the main courses of evolution can be seen: the one is the increase in the length of the seventh and eighth abdominal segments; the second is the modification of the sixth and the narrow of the basal parts of the seventh and eighth abdominal segments; the third is the increase in the length of the posterior process of the abdominal third tergum; the fourth is Sc2 of forewing arising from R1 or Sc1; the sixth is a peculiar specialization take place in the aedeagus. The geographic distribution of the Chinese Panorpidae include some species of relatively recent origin and others in the remote geological past. The genus Panorpa is widely distributed in China, and the genus Neopanorpa distributed in the south of Qinling mountains, but only a few species has two or more geographical areas. Hypothesis about northeast of China as a center of preservation, or refuge and as a center of subsequent dispersal of Chinese Mecoptera are proposed. The specimens observed are deposited respectively in the following institutes: Northwest A&F University(NWSUAF), Institute of Zoology, Academic Sinaca (IZAS), China Agriculture University (CAU), Nankai University(NKU), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Tianjin Natural History Museum(TNHM), Henan Agriculture University (HAU), Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(HAAS),Sun Yat-Sen University(SYSU), Shenyang University(SYU)and Gansu Baishuijiang Nature Reserve(GBNR).
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