Hydrological Models And Flood Disaster Monitoring System Based On RS And GIS

The flood disaster is one of the main natural disasters today. Because of limited standards and capability of engineering measures in flood control, it is quite necessary to do research on non-engineering measures. With the development of the space techniques, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are now playing important role in the flood prevention and disaster relief. This study was partially supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. This thesis focused on the hydrological models and Flood Disaster Monitoring and Assessing System (FDMAS) based on RS and GIS. The main contributions of the study were summarized as follows:(1) By the calculation of several important topographic indices and the generation of the digital stream network, the spatial distribution capability of the hydrological state variables in the basin was analyzed. The hydrologic analysis tool in ARCGIS8.3 software was briefly introduced. Advances in applications of MODIS data to hydrology and water resources were summarized.(2) The influence of the DEM grid size on runoff simulation was analyzed in the semi-arid region by the modified TOPMODEL, i.e. a semi-distributed model based on terrain. Moreover, the results of saturation-excess and infiltration-excess were analyzed and compared with the ones in the humid region.(3) The applicability of SCS model was discussed for some basins. The results of SCS model were analyzed and compared with the ones of IHACRES model and Xinanjiang model. Using MODIS data, the parameters of the modified SCS model were determined, and the model was applied to the daily runoff simulation. It made an attempt for predictions in ungauged basins.(4) The current application of flood disaster monitoring technique based on RS in China was analyzed and its limitations such as insufficiency and un-real time response were pointed. The FDMAS based on MODIS and GIS was designed and applied to Dongting Lake. Using FDMAS, the changes of lake area were analyzed. Through the quantitative methods, the influence of Dongting Lake area variation on water level was analyzed.(5) Based on LandSat TM data, Fengman Reservoir was chosen as a case study to obtain the new storage curve. The inflows of the reservoir were calculated in dry seasons on the basis of the designed storage curve and the new estimated curve respectively. The results were compared with the observation data, and the precision of the new estimated curve was verified. Furthermore, the slope storage calculation in the reservoir during flood season was briefly analyzed and discussed.