Research On Challenge Technologies Of The Single Satellite To Satellite Target Passive Orbit Determination And Tracking Using The Information In Spatial-frequency Domain

With the development of the electronic countermeasures technology and the aerospace technology, the spatial information acquisition and confrontation plays an increasingly important role in modern high-tech war. Therefore, it is an urgent crucial task to obtain the motion state of a satellite, carrying the spatial information system. The technology of the passive orbit determination and tracking of a satellite by the single-satellite-borne (single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking) becomes a very significant subject, as the spaceborne surveillance of the target satellites is not confined to the limits of atmosphere, national boundaries, and time, and the passive observation mode by single observer has many advantages, such as excellent invisibility, simplicity in the facility, large effective radius and wide applicability. Based on the single observer passive location technology and satellite orbit dynamics, this dissertation investigates some crucial theoretical methods and issues concerning the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking with observations from the spatial-frequency domain.Satellite motion modeling is the theoretic premise in single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking research. After difining the appropriate coordinate system and investigating the concerned orbit theory, a dynamics equation and a state prediction F-G equation of satellite with the F/G series based on precise modeling of two-body motion are established, which is more accurate than other state prediction equations based on approximate modeling of two-body motion. Then, the literature as to the observability of the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination system using bearings information is reviewed, and the conclusion that the system is entirely observable is introduced. The satellite motion modeling and the conclusion of system observability are theoretical bases of following research. The bearings-only method and the bearings-frequency combination method of the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking are investigated successively. Firstly, the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination system is modeled based on the satellite state prediction equation established above, and a novel bearings-only passive orbit determination and tracking method is proposed.Subsequently, the frequency is introduced into the observation information group, and a novel single-satellite-to-satellite bearings-frequency combination passive orbit determination method based on an accurate state equation is proposed, thus the accuracy of estimation and the speed of convergence are improved greatly. Compared with the methods using an approximate state prediction equation based on Taylor series, higher estimation accuracy and faster convergence are obtained using the both novel methods, due to the more accurate satellite motion model, while the computational complexity is comparable.A novel single-satellite-to-satellite passive ranging and orbit determination method is investigated based on the particle kinematics theory. Aimed at the characteristics of single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination, a passive ranging equation and its solution are derived, thus, the single-satellite-to-satellite passive ranging is achieved. Next, combined with the ranging orthogonal decomposition measurement model, a novel single-satellite-to-satellite passive ranging and orbit determination method based on kinematics is proposed, by which fast location can be achieved. Furthermore, by utilizing the radial velocity as observation information for recursive filtering directly, another novel single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking method is proposed, which is based on the radial motion measurements information. Using this novel method, great fast convergence and high accuracy are obtained, and fast and accurate orbit determination can be also achieved.Then, considering the nonlinear nature of the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and the important role of the recursive filtering algorithm in orbit determination, the nonlinear filtering is investigated also. The performance and potential drawbacks of the EKF (Extended Kalman Filtering) algorithm and its upgrades are discussed from the perspective of analytical approximation to nonlinear functions. To remedy its drawbacks, the DDF (Divided Difference Filtering) algorithms based on polynomial approximation according to Stirling interpolation are fully investigated. Due to the character of the additive noise in the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination, a simplified DDF (SDDF) is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the standard DDF. It is more suitable for real-time application. In view of the weak observability and the large observation error of a single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination system, an iterated DDF (IDDF) is proposed by combining the maximum likelihood probability iterated means with the DDF. Since the likelihood probability is always increased in the iterated process, IDDF is more robust than the standard DDF, while its tracking accuracy and convergence speed are improved.With the observation information of the spatial-frequency domain, some crucial theoretical problems and technological issues in the single-satellite-to-satellite passive orbit determination and tracking are investigated systemically in this dissertation, and, the solutions, methods and conclusions are put forward correspondingly. These research fingdings are very significant in both theory and engineering.