| This thesis conducts research on the basis of polyaniline (PANI). First, lignosulfonate doped polyaniline (LGS-PANI) was prepared, and an intensive study on the structures of LGS-PANI was carried out. On this basis, a series of water soluble PANI/PAMPS blend films were prepared by using poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulphonic acid) (PAMPS) with flexible chains as a dopant. Second, fly ashes (FAs) and attapulgite (ATP) as the inorganic objects with different particle size distribution were modified withγ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on their surface, and then PANI layer was chemically grafted on the surface of the SAM coated with FAs and ATP particles, resulting in SAM-FAs/PANI composites and SAM-ATP/PANI nanocomposites, respectively. Comparing the properties of the two composites, such as conductivities, conductivity stability and thermal stability, grain size, uniformity and dispersion, we used SAM-ATP/PANI nanocomposites as the conducting filler and polystyrene (PS) as the matrix to prepare PANI/SAM-ATP/PS composites. The purpose of our work was to promote the transition of PANI from the functional materials to structural materials. The main results were summarized as follows:(1) The room temperature conductivities and conductivity stability of LGS-PANI with different contents of LGS were studied. It was suggested that the structures of LGS-PANI with different contents of LGS were as follows:when the content of LGS was about 11.4 wt%, LGS as a template took a conformation with extended chains; when the content of LGS was about 48.2 wt%, the stacks of double-strand LGS-PANI chains were shown; disorder stacks of single-strand LGS chains increased when the content of LGS was about 69.5 wt%. Moreover, LGS interacted with PANI through the formation of hydrogen bonds when the contents of LGS were excess. In addition, the significant structural changes were evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy.(2) Aqueous solutions of PANI/PAMPS were stable for more than 2 months under normal ambient conditions. When the ratio of Anmol/AMPSmol was 0.3:1, the double-strand polymers were synthesized, and SEM showed that the stacks of double-strand PANI-PAMPS chains were well-dispersed on the surface of PAMPS linear matrix. In addition, the fluorescence emission intensity of PANI/PAMPS aqueous solutions was enhanced, which was explained by UV-Vis absorption spectra analysis. Moreover, the conductivities and the thermal stability of PANI/PAMPS solid films and aqueous solutions were also investigated.(3) SAM-FAs/PANI composites with well-defined core/shell structure were prepared. The conductivity at room temperature, temperature dependence of conductivity and average specific capacitance of SAM-FAs/PANI composites were studied when the contents of SAM-FAs were different. Additionally, the magnetic properties of SAM-FAs/PANI composites were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) system, and the effect of SAM-FAs content on the saturation magnetization and coercivity of SAM-FAs/PANI composites was studied. Furthermore, the thermal stability of SAM-FAs/PANI composites was investigated.(4) Homogeneous SAM-ATP/PANI nanofibers with a favorable dispersibility were prepared. The conductivity at room temperature and temperature dependence of conductivity of SAM-ATP/PANI composites were studied when the contents of SAM-ATP were different. Moreover, variable-range hopping (VRH) model and Arrhenius equation were used to calculate the values of To,σ0 and Ea of 20.1 wt% ATP/PANI and 18.7 wt% SAM-ATP/PANI nanocomposites, and the theoretic reason of the highly conducting behavior of 18.7 wt% SAM-ATP/PANI nanofibers was investigated. Additionally, the thermal stability of SAM-ATP/PANI nanocomposites was studied.(5) Microstructure characterization of PANI/S AM-ATP/PS composites with different contents of conducting filler was investigated. Moreover, the electrical resistivities of PANI/SAM-ATP/PS composites at room temperature were studied, and the stability of electrical resistivity was evaluated by one cycle heating to the desired temperature (80℃, keep for 10 min) and then cooling back to the room temperature (about 20℃), then electrical resistivity measurements were carried out (20 cycles). In addition, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PANI/SAM-ATP/PS composites were investigated.
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