Study On Extraction Of Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge Seed Oil And Preparation Of Biodiesel From Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge Seed Oil

Because of the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental protection, the research and development of renewable energy is very important. Biodiesel , an alternative fuel made from biological sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats or waste cooking oils by transesterification. Biodiesel, which is characterized by biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable, with higher flash point, excellent lubrication and higher cetane number. The exhaust gas from biodiesel contains little SOx, CO, and particulate matter.Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge, Chinese special woody oil plant, usually a tall tree, about 2-6 m high, is mainly distributed in Inner mongolia in China, with 134.5 thousand hectares cultivated area. Its yellow ripe fruit consists of white seed and dark black seed hull. A 10-year-old Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge tree's productive is 10-15 kg and one hectare is 1-1.5 ton. largely plantation of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge in history only used as edible oil. Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge is the superior raw material for preparation of biodiesel due to the fact that it contains unsaturated fatty acids and 50% oil content.Adopting Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge planted from three different regions as raw material, the author researched the extraction, physical and chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and alkali refining of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil. What's more, the synthesis of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbiflia bunge seed oil by transesterification was carried out over Xanthoceras sorbiflia bunge hull activated carbon loaded with KOH. And the absorbability of Xanthoceras sorbiflia bunge hull activated carbon have been investigated. At last, the crude glycerol from a by- Product formed by biodiesel process preparaed from Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge seed oil was refined of. The main researeh contents are as follows:1. It has been studied that Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil was extracted through three different methods—dipping extraction, Saxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction. The extraction has been compared among three different reagent—propyl alcohol, hexane and petroleum ether (60⁹0℃). The results showed that the ratio of extraction oil reached 62.4% which was extracted by ultrasonic using petroleum ether, under the optimum conditions: ultrasonic frequency 40KHz, the materials to solvent ratio at 1:8, extraction time at 50 min, and extraction temperature at 65℃. At last,the regression model was obtained from the extraction of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil by ultrasonic extraction. Y=60.463289+0.762177X₁+0.539161X₂+ 0.562444X₃+0.75X₁X₂-0.75X₂X₃-0.37887X2²2. It has been investigated.that the physical and chemical characteristics of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil produced from three different regions, include moisture and volatile content, density, molecular weight, saponification, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value and refractive indexes. With the analysis of the regularity fatty acid composition and contents changes in Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil in three different regions, the content of unsaturated fatty acids was found more than 70%.3. Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil were treated by alkali refining and degumming processes. The results showed that the degumming process can make the phospholipid content of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil reduce from 284.40mg/kg to 46.23 mg/kg under the optimum conditions: the reaction temperature is 80℃, 0.15% phosphoric acid of oil and 4% water of oil. The alkali refining process can make the acid value of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge seed oil reduce to 0.5643 mg/g with the optimum conditions: the initial temperature is 30℃, 0.2%excess alkali, concentration of NaOH is 18 OBe.4. Adsorption of cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) and basic fuchsin (BF) onto Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge hull or husk activated carbon have been investigated. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time, pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherms were modeled with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic models were also studied. The rates of adsorption of methylene blue and basic fuchsin were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation. Using the equilibrium concentration contents obtained at different temperatures, various thermodynamic parameters, such asâ–³G,â–³H andâ–³S, have been calculated. The thermodynamics parameters of system indicated spontaneous and endothermic process.5. The synthesis of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbiflia bunge seed oil by transesterification was carried out over Xanthoceras sorbiflia bunge hull activated carbon loaded with KOH have been investigated. The catalyst of KOH/XSBHAC was characterized by SEM, XRD and IR. Active centers of the catalyst were KOH and K2O. The experimental results demonstrated that the catalyst of KOH/XSBHAC has higher activity under the optimum conditions: the calcination temperature is 600℃, the calcination time is 2 h and the adding amount of KOH is 25 wt%. With the prepared KOH/XSBHAC catalyst, the esterfying rate of biodiesel can reach 83.82% with the optimum conditions: reaction time is 1 h, reaction temperature is 65℃, methanol-to-oil molar is 9:1 and the catalyst amount of 2.5 wt%. What's more, the stability of KOH/XSBHAC catalyst and the kinetic of transesterification for biodiesel have also analyzed.6. Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel produced by transesterification of Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge seed oil, many other materials such as soaps, methanol, water, and esters formed during the process are contained in the crude glycerol phase. The content of glycerol is approximately 30-60 wt.%. A sequential stage refining of crude glycerol, derived from biodiesel (methyl ester) produced by Xanthoceras sorbiflia Bunge seed oil, was performed by acidification,polar solvent extraction and activated carbon adsorption. Three acid types (H₂SO₄,H₃PO₄ and CH₃COOH) and pH (1–5), mixed with methanol as a polar solvent , their ratio to the crude glycerol (4:1–1:4 v/v) were used for acidification, adsorption with activated carbon produced by Xanthoceras Sorbiflia Bunge hull at different ratios of activated carbon to the crude glycerol (20–100 g/l) on the purity of crude glycerol was explored. The highest glycerol purity of approximately 98% was obtained with acidification to pH=2.5 with H₃PO₄,extraction with CH₃OH at a solvent:crude glycerol ratio of 4:1 (v/v) and adsorption with activated carbon at 100 g/l.