| The sol-gel process is a technology that starts with organic metal compounds or inorganic compounds and solidifies through a solution-sol-gel evolvement, finally resulting very fine particles of oxide. As a method of preparing such materials, this technology has been applied to a great deal of aspects such as preparing specific glasses, fibers, powder, films, coatings, composite materials, etc. However, the research and application of the sol-gel process on textile haven't been seen so far. In this paper, a series of sols were prepared based on the principles of the sol-gel process, and then were applied on textile through common pad-dry-cure techniques, endowing textiles with kinds of functions. Primary experimental results showed that the sol-gel technology was not only feasible for textiles' after treatments, but also had a wide developing space.General speaking, a compound three-dimensional networks can be formed on the surface of fibers after the sol-gel treatment, which can be used for fixing colour of the dyed fabrics. The dye molecules were thus anchored on the fibers, and the color fastnesses of direct, reactive and acid dyes were enhanced to some extents. Thus the water pollution in printing and dyeing industry would be greatly lightened, and the competing superiority of our country's textile could be increased at the same time.In this paper, silica sol in ethanol was prepared and used for fixing Direct Black G dyed cotton, and good washing fastness was obtained. Aqueous silica sol and titanium sol were prepared and mixed according to different mol ratios, and then used for fixing direct, reactive and acid dyes. Experimental data showed that:Direct dyed fabrics got good color fastness after the sol-gel treatment by the mixed sol of Si/Ti=5:1(mol ratio). The reason for color change level of washing decreasing was that the treated samples became darker on washing, which was called "washing darkening" phenomenon. But this phenomenon reduced graduallyor even vanished after several cycles of washings.Reactive dyeings got good color fastness after the sol-gel treatment by the mixed sol of Si/Ti=10:l (mol ratio) .As for acid dyes, the fixing effects varied for different acid dyes on different fabrics. The sol-gel treatment was most effective for acid dyes on cotton. The difference of fixing effects for different fabrics might be caused by the different chemical reactive degree between the organic chain on silica and fibers.Both the preparation conditions of silica sol in ethanol, aqueous silica sol and aqueous titanium sol, and the technique conditions for the application of the sol-gel technology on textiles finishing were discussed in this paper. And appropriate conditions were determined approximately.The fixing and darkening effects on Direct Black GF treated by aqueous silica sol were also discussed in this paper. Experimental data showed that the aqueous silica sol had excellent fixing and darkening effects on Direct Black GF on cotton. The color fastnesses of treated fabrics dyed with Direct Black GF could compare beauty with sulfur black or reactive black. The reflectivity curve fell greatly compared with untreated, and the darkening effect made it possible to get very full black colour with excellent wet fastness with relative small amount of the dye (Direct Black GF).Other applications of the sol-gel technology on textile were discussed in this paper as well, such as ultra-violet cutting, water repellency, weighting of silk and knitting fabrics, fixing the beta- cyxlodextin on cotton for "Host-Guest" effect etc. Experimental results showed that the cotton treated by the aqueous titanium sol resulted in good ultra-violet cutting and water repellent effect. Ultra-violet, especially in the B and C bands, was cut greatly after the sol-gel treatment, and the contact angle of water exceeded 130 . The aqueous silica sol showed good weighting effect on silk and knitting fabrics. Adjusting the sol concentration and the pick-up could control the percentages of weighting. For weighting,...
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