Theory And Method Of Integrated Assessment Of Regional Environment Control

By means of analyzing and studying on current environment and results of environment control in China, as well as summarizing the elementary theory, patterns and thoughts of environment control home and abroad in the past several decades, this paper reveals the sources which has led to regional environmental problem, then analyzes the problems occurred on environment control and its assessment in China, and establishes the assessment index system and assessment classification criteria of regional environment sustainability, and finally evaluates and analyzes the environment sustainable in Shaanxi Province. Through the study above, it has not only improved and developed theory and method of regional environment control, but also has realistic significance to stimulate practice of sustainable development and regional environmental control. There are the results and advances in this dissertation as follows: 　1. The data analyses show that, the trend of environmental pollution in our country has been primarily suppressed, however, environmental pollution and environmental destruction was still severe, and the environmental security was worth worrying about. The quantity of runoff which conforms to surface water standard in seven big rivers in China except Liaohe River) has not increased, but become less and less; through treatment during the 9th five-year plan period, water quality of inland lakes has not been obviously improved, but deteriorated; the occurrence frequency of red tide is 20 times per year during 1989~1993, and it climbed to 56 times per year during 1998~2003. The urban air quality with Grade 2, Grade 3 and weak Grade 3 almost has the same days within one year, the proportion of air quality which is not suitable for human existence increases gradually year after year; the treatment percentage for the life refuse is only 50.8%, the other half was transferred to suburb or rural areas. 2. The data analyses demonstrate that, sufficient fund guaranteeing and technical supporting by national scientific institutions, as well as assisting from regional government and the masses, can make eco-economic system in a control area develop to a well condition. However, the assessment results show that, the efficiency of comprehensive control for regional environment and ecology was poor, the tendency of ecological degradation in West China has not been reversed completely so far, degradation for various ecosystems all exists to different extent. The rural environment confronts both from internal pollution and destruction and urban pollution, this leads to further deterioration of rural ecological environment, the security of agricultural produces is difficult to guarantee. 3. Regional area such as a province or a municipality is actually a composite ecosystem that includes urban and rural areas. But this does not mean the simply addition for two sides, and should pay much attention to coordination, harmony and links between urban and rural areas. Regional environment problems differ from each other, but as for a given regional area, in essence they originate from non-harmony or non-balance between man and nature, between city and countryside, between economy and environment etc. Therefore, no matter either doing environment control or doing assessment of environment control, it should not separate cities and countryside, but pay much more attention to flow of matter, energy, refuse etc thorough the interface between two aspects, and using assessment index to control and guide the activity of interface. 4. In either environment pollution control or ecological re-establishment, its assessment theory and method should reflect the thinking of sustainability. This dissertation analyzes the existing problems in the recent assessment indexes system. For example, it is short of the concept of "restriction"and the principle of "fair"which contain in the thinking of sustainability, thus the concrete reflections are as follows: the concrete indexes are few on weighing prevention of pollution and development of the poor as well as improvement of resource utilization efficiency. Therefore this paper presents thoughts of improvement and accession of this kind of indexes, for the assessment system of environment control should augment the indexes interrelated systematicness, humanitarian and actual effects. 5. Seeking sustainable development of the whole regional environment as the starting point, in the light of Environmental Sustainable Index ESI) and index system of China resource and environment, combining with the characteristics of natural environment in Shaanxi Province, the index system of sustainability assessment system and its classification criteria were established, and the feasibility of established system was analyzed and demonstrated. The result indicates that, assessment of sustainable development in regional environment should be on the basis of the structure and function of regional environment and the analysis of systematic development capacity and assessment level, seeking the problems in systematic motion, defining the bottleneck of regional sustainable development, and applying indexes of environment control assessment to guide regional environment construction with optimum speed. 6. The assessment result of environmental sustainability for Shaanxi Province showsthat, economy developed quickly from 1998 to 2002, although backwards in the whole country, and the adjustment of industrial and agricultural production structure not only doubled gross domestic product GDP), but also significantly improved the people's life level; Various environmental protection measures promoted regional environment gradually to transfer to well status. However, the air pollution in cities of Shaanxi Province is very serious; environment problems and economic status are bottleneck for environmental sustainability in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, environment construction in fragile environmental zones and developing regional economy is the basis of improving environmental sustainable index ESI). The environmental sustainability index lies in between weak and very weak level. In summary, regional environment control and assessment is a dynamic process, with continuous accumulation of practical treatment experience, the assessment systems also should be accordingly adjusted and improved, so as to playing its guidance role.