Tidal Flat Ecosystem Service Functions Assessment And Reclaimed Area Ecosystem Optimization

Ecological service functions namely benefits that human gained from the ecosystem. These benefits include supply functions (such as supply of grain and water), regulating functions (such as regulating flood, drought, farmland degeneration and disease), supporting functions (such as formation of soil and circle of nutrient), and cultural functions (such as entertainment, spirit, religion, and other immaterial benefits). Evaluating the service abilities and goods supply of the ecosystem is named as ecological service functions assessment. Since "service" of ecological service functions came up in 1970s, more and more attentions began to be paid on study of ecological service functions estimation, and became one of the hot spot of eco-economics and environmental economics. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) of the United Nations emphasized both ecological services and human welfare. Based on the theory and research methods of geography, ecology, environmental science and economics, the paper primarily studied the structures, functions and drive forces of the ecosystem of Jiangsu coastal tidal flat. Meanwhile, the tidal flat ecosystem service functions of Sheyang county was evaluated as a case, and advanced some assumptions of optimized management of tidal flat ecosystem on Jiangsu coast. And educed following conclusions:1. Coastal tidal flat ecosystem belongs to seashore wetland ecosystem, carried by tidal flat, mainly made up of inter-tidal zone, and portions of supra-tidal and sub-tidal zone are included. The structure of ecosystem could be summarized as natural mudflat and artificially reclaimed area. Natural mudflat includes canopied salt-marsh and bare mudflat. For artificially reclaimed area, farmland, woodland, breed aquatics pond, saltern and land for construction are included. Clarifying of tidal flat ecosystem could estimate both substantial and value quantities, and could avoid confusion between inland wetland and coastal tidal flat ecosystem as well.2. Reclamation is an important drive force of mudflat ecosystem variation, it could change both structures and functions of mudflat ecosystem by change land use and land cover. The immigrated species of spartina alterniflora with strong vital force, high productivity and outspreading dominance, and higher value of service functions, has become a main vegetable species of salt marsh in Jiangsu coast. Its growth condition and ecological niche are indicators of position and direction of seawall for reclaiming.3. According to the calculation of 10 items of service function benefits of goods production, climate regulation, water regulation, surrounding cleaning, soil formation and holding, disturbance regulation, bio-diversity maintaining, nutrient cycling, recreation, culture, the gross value of mudflat ecosystem service function benefits of Sheyang county is 54.665×10~8yuan per year. Among them, material production value is 12.636×10~8yuan per year, and immaterial production...