| Along with the fast going of industrialization and the rapid developing of social economy, a series of problems took place, such as population increasing, resource exhausting, environment polluting, ecology destroying, and so on, which influenced the living and threatened the surviving and developing of the human being. Therefore, it has being paid attention in the international society since the concept of sustainable developing (SD) was brought forward. Scientists has being studied the SD problems of region, nation and internation. As one of biggest plains in our country, Songnen plain was an important production base of agriculture, livestock and energy sources industry. During the recent 50 years, affected by the global change and the artificial disturbing, the eco-environment there worsen continuously. Land saline-alkalization, desertification, grassland deterioration and tillage infertility were getting more serious. It became more and more drought because of the degrading of the swamp and the shrinking of the water area,All above destroyed eco-environment ,threatened food securing and restricted SD of the study area. So it is necessary and urgently to quantitatively study on the SD (QSSD) of Songnen plain.To protect the eco-environment and achieve SD was the aim of the total human beings. During the recent years, QSSD was the frontier and hotspot subject for scholars in different countries. While SD was complex in its concept, it was difficult to reveal and solve the complicated SD problems by a single model or method. At the same time, there were many limitation in the multi-index systems put forward so far, such as the difficulty to obtain the data, the inadequate feasibility, and the poor objectivity. So it was slowly developed of the study on QSSD.Eco-economics theory was a subject to study on the relation between ecological system and economic system, which offered a new approach to do the QSSD. In the thesis, QSSD in Songnen plain was done by integrated the theories of SD, eco-economics, fractal theory and land use change, based on the technique of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), from the viewpoint of energy, value and biophysical parameter, and applied three Eco-economics models of emergy analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation and ecological footprint, which was of innovative significance in this study field.Land use was the most direct mode of the human being affecting nature, and was the base for QSSD. According to the main eco-environmental problems in Songnen plain, taking land use as the entrance point for studying, by finding out the characteristics and rules of the spatial-tempral change of land use from 1989 to 2004, the influence was discussed. The study indicated that the land use of Songnen plain changed obviously, which can be described as the phenomenon of five increasing and three decreasing.That is, increasing of tillage (paddy field and dry land), woodland, urban land, sandlot and saline-alkali land, decreasing of grassland, wetland and water area. In the increasing tillage, the paddy field changed fastest, reaching 6.18%/a, most of which came from dry land, and the saline-alkali came next of 4.11%/a coming from grassland, wetland and water area. The grassland decreased for 2%/a, of which the decreasing speed of high-covered and middle-covered grassland was 3.7%/a and 2.02%/a separately. Most of the grassland changed into paddy field, dry land and saline-alkali. The decreasing rate of water area was 3.12%/a. The spatial-temporal changing rules of land use reflected the continuous deterioration of eco-environment in the past 15 years,characterized by the extension saline-alkali land and the degradation of grassland and wetland. Thus ,it could be seen that the unreasonable land use mode brought quite bad results to the SD of Songnen plain upon the background of global warming.The worsen trend of the eco-environment in Songnen plain made the stress it received heavier and heavier, which became an important factor to restrict the SD of the area. Based on the land use change, by analyzing the main stress factor of the eco-environment, evaluation index system of the eco-environmental stress was established. Taking the western Songnen as the typical area for its relative fragile, it was applied for the first time to integrated evaluate the eco-environment stress using fractal theory and method. The study indicated that the stress degree was in aggravating trend except Songyuan city and Fuyu county, and the stress grade transformed from light, middle to heavy and extremely heavy, the extremely heavy stress area was mainly distributed in the region with bad eco-environment quality as Da'an city, Changling county and Qian'an county. The Result showed that aggravating the stress degree of the eco-environment was the effect of the long-term natural factors and the short-term artificial factors,especially the exploitation and utilization of the land resources. From the study on the land use change and the eco-environment stress in the Songnen plain, it was qualitatively described in the thesis that the influence of eco-environment change to the SD. However, it was necessary to quantify the study by integrated methods using multi-subjects and multi-models.Emergy analysis method, an eco-economic model, was adopted in the thesis. Firstly, the SD study was done on the emergy of agricultural eco-economics system from the view of energy. It was found that the input emergy was mainly from the nonrenewable industrial supplementary emergy and the labor power, and the proportion of environment resource emergy was decreased, and the output emergy was mainly in stock raising and planting. Such emergy indexes were used to analize the emergy value as the net emergy yield rate, the environmental loading rate, and the emergy per person. The results showed that the emergy SD (ESD) index of the agricultural eco-economic system in the Songnen plain appeared decreasing trend, reducing from 0.376 to 0.286, which was lower than the national average value of 0.3. It was analized that the ESD index changing of the vary cities, and it was found in the basic classifying standard of ESD that all the cities were in unsustainable state with different degree except for Dumeng county. It was decreased that the wholly emergy of the Songnen plain and the SD power was weakened. The emergy analysis in the whole area indicated that the agriculture developing was still in the traditional developing mode, which was labor-power-concentrated and based on the depleting of natural deposits (nonrenewable emergy resources). The burden of the agro-eco-environment was rather heavy, and the unreasonable exploitation to the land resource made it heavier continually, which kept agro-eco-environment in a vicious circle, and restricted the local agricultural SD seriously.From the view point of value, the author applied the eco-economic model to the evaluation the service value of the ecosystem in Songnen plain. At first, based on the modification of parameter of ecosystem in unit area, the price table of the ecosystem service value(ESV) in Songnen plain was established. Then, ESV was evaluated under the effect of land use change. The results showed that during the 15 years of 1989 to 2004, the ecosystem service value was reduced from 2,876.29×10~8 yuan/a to 1,965.8×10~8 yuan/a, that is, 31.66% in percentage. Among different ecosystems, the ecological service value increased in tillage, woodland, sandlot and saline-alkali land, the total value of which could not fetch up the total value loss for the decrease of wetland, grassland and water area. From the comparison among the 17 kinds of system service offered by the ecosystem, it was found that the value proportion was relatively high that such functions as disturb adjusting, water keeping, waste disposing, and erosion controlling, and so on, which accounted for the 78% of the total value. It indicated that the wetland, water area and grassland had higher value, and should be protected emphasized. Furthermore, The ESV change in the cities was analyzed and resulted that the value state in all the cities was at middle or lower, excepting Dumeng county, which was with a relative higher value and better SD capability. The study indicated that to maintain the ecosystem service was the base of the SD, while the decreasing of ESV was the drawback , which was the currency embodiment of the destroy of ecosystem service. Ecological footprint was used to quantitatively study on the SD. The study showed that the ecological surplus was 0.109×10~4hm~2 per person in 1989, in sustainable state, while the ecological deficit was 0.452×l0~4hm~2per person in 2004, in unsustainable state, which was below the national and international average value of 0.645×10~4hm~2 per person and 1.8×10~4hm~2 per person. There was great difference among the cities in the area, most of which was in ecological surplus in 1989 except for six cities of Daqing, Qian'an, Da'an, etc. While in 2004, most of the cities became ecological deficit but 7 cities of Taonan, Qianguo, Dumeng, etc. Based on the classification basement of the SD in Songnen plain, it was classified that Songnen plain was totally in weak-middle sustainable state in 1989, thereinto, the cities in sustainable state accounted for 71%, and that in non-sustainable state accounted for 29%. While in 2004, it was totally in non-sustainable and extremly non-sustainable state, and the cities in sustainable and non-sustainable state was 33% and 67% of the total area respectively. The study indicated that the decrease of the sustainability of Songnen plain mainly owed to the artificial disturbing factors besides the vulnerable eco-environment. The phenomenon that rapid development of economy and industrialization were both based on the consuming of local natural resources, and the unused lands like saline-alkali land and sandlot were increased influenced the supply amount of ecological service, accordingly brought about huge pressure to the eco-environment, and produced big amount of ecological deficit.At last, comparison was made among conclusions of QSSD respectively based on ecological footprint, ecosystem service value and emergy analysis. The result showed that the three conclusions had the coherence .which validated the scientific and practicability of the conclusion by the ecological footprint models.Furthermore, the theory and methodsystem of quqntitative study on the sustainable development were enriched.The innovation of the thesis was that, multi-subjects were integrated that the theory and methods in many subjects as SD, eco-economics, fractal theory and landuse change, and multi-models were applied to achieve the QSSD in Songnen plain from different layers and vary scales, which remedied the shortage of the anciently study of a single method in only subject. There were important meanings in theory and high value in reference and application to the management and reasonable utilization of soil resource, the protection of eco-environment and the SD of social economy.
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