The Synthesis Of Zero And One-dimensional Nanomaterials Templated By Organic Molecules

We use organogelator, surfactants, polymers and dendrimers as templates for preparation of nanometer materials .The diversity of structures of gelators, which may induce the gelators to self-assemble into various dimensional and morphologic superstructures in organic solvents directed by noncovalent interactions such as H-bonding, van der Walls,Ï€-Ï€stacking ect. We may construct functional organogel with special nanostructures through introduction some functional groups to the organogelators. In addition, introducing groups that could interact with inorganic ions into the organogel system would give us an opportunity to generate diverse inorganic nanostructures, such as linear fibers, lamellar and helical fibers structures.Dendrimer and hyperbranched polymer, which has similar figuration as dendrimer may be a new type of potential template for the formation of metallic nanoparticles.(1) A new organogelator with good gelated capability in halogen-aromatic solvents based on dichalcone substituted carbazole derivative was prepared. The results suggested that the molecules stacked into fibrous structure in the favour of H-bondings andÏ€-Ï€interactions, and J-aggregates formed. SiO₂ nanotubes with different inner diameters were synthesized catalyzed by pyridine using a novel viologen-based organogel as the template. It was found that the content of the silica oligomer derived from the hydrolytes of TEOS had effect on the aggregation of the organogel fibers, which would result into SiO₂ nanotubes with various morphologies.(2) We synthesized the generation 1.5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with surface hydroxyl groups (OH-PAMAM–1.5). Au nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of (OH-PAMAM–1.5). It had been found that it was an excellent template for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles. By optimizing the conditions of the preparation, stable, and uniform Au nanoparticles were obtained. From which, it could be suggested that Au nanoparticles were surrounded by OH-PAMAM–1.5 and nanoparticles were disperse, uniform and stable for months.(3) A kind of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE) with generation 4 (G4), 5 (G5), and 6 (G6), was synthesized respectively, with well-defined primary structure in one-step process.and used as the template to prepare Au nanoparticles It was found that HPAEs were excellent templates for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles. The generation of HPAE, and the ratio of M: N have significant effects on the formation and growth of these noble nanoparticles. Stable, uniform, spherical Au nanoparticles templated by HPAEs were fabricated.(4) The synthesis of Ag metal nanoparticles stabilized by G4, G5, and G6 hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE) is reported. It showed that Ag nanoparticles obtained were much bigger than Au nanoparticles and exhibited different morphology under various generation of HPAE, including hollow and solid nanospheres. Analyses indicate that the metal particles are encapsulated by HPAEs.(5) 1-D nanorods, twinrods, gulfclubs, and tripods of CdS were prepared via a surfactant-ligand co-assisted solvothermal method. The surfactant of S-dodecylisothiounium bromide (C12) used in the process was favorable for synthesis of different-shaped CdS nanorod with high aspect ratio. And 1-D nanorods of CdS had wurtzite phase while others had a zinc blende core and wurtzite arms. The effect of surfactant in the systems adopted "oriented attachment"to assist the formation of different CdS.