Preparation And Investigation Of 1-D Functional Nanomaterials Based On Electrospinning Technique

Nanomaterials have unique electronic, photonic, magnetic and catalytic properties due to their large surface and quantum effect. In recent years, one dimensional(1D) nanostructure materials have been intensive researched and a large number of synthetic and fabrication methods have already been demonstrated for generating 1D nanostructures in the form of fibers, wires and tubes from various materials. Among these methods, electrospinning seems to provide the simplest approach to nanofibers (nanowire or nanotube) that are exceptionally long in length, uniform in diameter, and diversified in composition.In this dissertation, we have fabricated a series of functional nanofibers based on electrospinning and template technique.1) Noble metal nanoparticles dispersed in polyacrylonitrile nanofiber film were prepared via electrospinning and the catalytic activities for reduction of p-nitrophenol were investigated. The results showed that the nanofiber mats had very excellent catalytic activity and they could be easily seperated from the solution and reused for more than 30 times with very little catalytic activity loss. Besides, the remanet of noble metal nanoparticles in the reaction system was very little.2) We have successfully prepared polyaniline nanofibers, polyaniline/other polymers core-shell fibers and polyaniline nanotubes with silver nanoparticles incapsulated by using electrospinning UTFE method. All the polyaniline fibers above showed very good conductivity and especially the polyaniline/Ag nanotubes have a range-expanded electroactivity of pH= 0-7.3) We prepared Cu2S-Doped TiO2 nanofibers by elelctrospinning and gas-solid reaction. The dispersion of Cu2S nanoparticles in polymer fibers are studied and the results showed that the Cu2S nanoparticles is uniform and well dispersed in TiO2 fibers. We studied the formation of Cu2S nanoparticles in the TiO2 fibers and their photoelectricity properties. The Cu2S-Doped TiO2 nanofibers were stable and the SPS results showed that the TiO2 fibers's light response extended from the UV light area to the whole visible light area.4) We have fabricated and investigated a highly sensitive and stable humidity nanosensor based on alkali metal salts-doped TiO2 nanofibers through electrospinning and calcination techniques. The sensor exhibited excellent characteristics including ultrafast response and recovery behavior, good reproducibility, linearity, and stability. All these characteristics above are very important in humidity detection and control. Moreover, our method provided a useful platform to design and construct highly effective humidity nanodetectors.