| The research of Quercus mongolica's genetic diversity, partition group and the way of choosing first-class provenances has been done in the experimental forest of geographical provenances of Quercus mongolica. The study was made using the principles of population genetic, bio-system and eco-botany, and was carried out in the areas of the growth characteristics, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, nitrate reductase, soluble protein concentration and fluorescence induction kinetic parameters, as well as ISSR diversity among the provenances. The main results are as follows:There is a significant difference among all provenances of Quercus mongolica, which indicates that it is important to carry out provenance selection for Quercus mongolica. The main variance trend of geographical differentiation is controlled by both latitude and longitude, while latitude influences more. From the research, the tree heights reduce gradually from southwest to northeast and more suddenly from middle zone to southeast and northwest. Basal diameter also tends to reduce gradually from the east to the west. There is a certain correlation among growth characters and geographical climatic factors of Quercus mongolica provenances. With regard to the place of origin, the 25 provenances are organized into 3 provenance blocks. The first area is mainly the provenances from Longgang hill and the south of Changbai hill. The second one is mostly in Changbai hill and Laoyeling. The majority of the third one is located in Xiaoxing'anling and Zhangguangcai.There are significant differences in the nitrate reductase activating, the content of soluble protein and the chlorophyll content among the different provenances. And there is great positive correlation between the growth characteristics and the three physiological factors. This means that during the same period, the better its growth condition is, the higher the nitrate reductase activating, the chlorophyll content and the soluble protein content of the provenance are. Also the stronger the nitrate reductase activating is, the higher the content of the soluble protein and the chlorophyll is. The conclusion provides primary bases for forest nonage selection. Fluorescence induction kinetic parameters can affect the synthetically activity of PS II reaction center. By corresponding analysis, there is a certain correlation among the parameters of PS II photochemical characteristics, biomasses and the content of chlorophyll. There is positive correlation among seedling height, basal diameter, the content of chlorophyll and the parameters of Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', ΦPSⅡ, ETR and QP, most of which reach marked and remarkable correlative levels. And there is also significant correlation among the parameters. Based on the physiological factors of the chlorophyll content, the nitrate reductase activating, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, by the multi-traits comprehensive assessment method, we preliminary determine that Weihe and Ji'an are the first-class provenances, which are in consonance with the selection of growth characters.It is the first time that the optimum ISSR-PCR reaction system for Quercus mongolica isintroduced. The study of ISSR marker about the provenances of Quercus mongolica states that the proportion of 10 primers to PPS value of all the 250 individuals is 78.87%, and each primers has 5.6 polymorphic in average.The sequence estimated valued by Shannon index for genetic diversity of the 25 provenances mentioned formerly is: Weihe, Wuyiling, Dongfanghong, Xinqing, Zhanhe, Ji'an, Dailing, Linjiang, Jiayin, Meixi, Changbai city, Dongjingcheng, Suiling, Fushun, Suiyang, Xiuyan, Songhuahu, Baishilazi, Wandianzi, Baishi hill, Panshi, Dunhua, Kuandian, Muling and Wangqing populations. Furthermore, there is a certain genetic differentiation among the provenances of Quercus mongolica. The gene diversity among provenances is 26.57%, while the other 73.43% occurs within individual provenance. This shows that the genetic variation mainly occurs within Quercus mongolica provenance. Since there is a significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance, we can conclude that the geographical factors among the provenances take an important part in affecting the provenances' genetic constitution. And 25 provenances can be clustered into 2 provenance groups. One is Xiaoxing'anling provenance group which includes Dailing, Suiling, Zhanhe, Xinqing, Meixi, Dongjingcheng, Suiyang, Dongfanghong, Weihe, Muling, Jiayin and Wuyiling provenances. The other one is Changbai hill provenance group that includes Songhuahu, Wangqing, Changbai city, Dunhua, Wandianzi, Baishilazi, Kuandian, Xiuyan, Fushun, Ji'an, Linjiang, Panshi and Baishishan provenances.
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