| Genetic diversity and relationship of Hemerocallis was studied on by wild resources investigation, morphological characteristics observation, and ISSR, AFLP markers.1 Hemerocallis fulva, H. lilioasphodelus, H. minor, H. middendorffi were investigated in Jigong Mountain, Xiaowutai Mountain, Baihua Mountain, Hongye valley and Yuhuang Mountain. The results showed that the soil wild daylilies lives in is sourish. H. fulva exists in semi-shadowy environment. H. middendorffi distributs in shadowy environment though H. lilioasphodelus and H. minor exists in sunny environment. There were 65 species companied with H. fulva, 23 species with H. lilioasphodelus, 37 species with H. minor while few species with H. middendorffi. Wild daylilies were dominant or subdominant species in different communities. The niche breadths of the population of wild daylilies was great which indicated the ecological adaptation of wild daylilies was relatively strong and the ability of utilizing resources was great except H. middendorffi. With the help of the Pianka's niche overlap, the value of niche overlap between wild daylilies and different companied species in the sampled communities was great. The environment requirements of wild daylilies and the other species was the same or similar. The competition of wild daylilies with the other species was hard. It issuggested that wild daylily should be protected as well as applied. The study provides referece for daylily introduction and application in landscape.Morphological characteristics were studied by relative analysis, diversity indexes, main component analysis, clustering analysis. The results showed that morphological variance index of Hemerocallis were great that indicated that Hemerocalis had rich variation in morphological characteristics which provide theoretical proof for breeding new daylily. The maximum variance index was diameter of the scape and the length of the bract which were beyond 55%. The variance indexes of the other characteristics were also beyond 20%. Morphological characteristics relative analysis showed the relationship of daylilies morphological characteristics were positive or irrelative that helps to select excellent daylily comprehensively from different properties. The average diversity index of every characteristic was 1.15. The average diversity index of quantity characteristics was 1.71 though that of quality characteristics was 0.58. The main component analysis showed the variance of Hemerocallis was mainly from the florescence, characteristics of the flowers, height of the plant, diameter of the scape etc. The tested materials were divided into 5groups and 2 subgroups by clustering analysis.The ISSR-PCR system was established by orthogonal design and 10 primers were used to amplify in ISSR marker. The results showed that 255 bands were obtain, 237 bands were polymorphic. The rate of polymorphic bands of ISSR was 92.2%. The genetic distances of tested materials were range from 0.1013 to 0.5992, the average value was 0.3640. The clustering analysis of ISSR fingerprint data separated all materials into 4 groups and 4 subgroups. H. lilioasphodelus and H. minor were not the same type.380 bands were obtained by AFLP marker through 7 pair primers. 93.39% bands were polymorphic. The genetic distances of tested materials ranged from 0.0033-0.6000. The average value of genetic distances was 0.356. The clustering analysis date separated all materials into 4 groups and 2 subgroups which showed H. lilioasphodelus and H. minor were not the same type which was the same as morphological characteristics study and ISSR marker.The study provide theory bases to establish gene pool, select and breed excellent cultivars, protect new cultivars and the Hemerocallis germplasm , identify relationship of different daylilies. Besides, DNA fingerprints of daylilies could also be used for genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning. Therefore, the results would impact deeply on Hemerocallis direct application in landscape and genetic improvement of Hemerocallis at the molecular level.
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