| Aquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which can damage immune system through mainly destroying CD4 + T cells and lead to opportunistic infection. Infected individuals finally die and it becomes one of the most serious infectious disease in human kind. By the end of 2002, there are 60,000,000 HIV infected individuals all o-ver the world and one third had died of AIDS. In China, HIV spread so quickly that there are more than 1,000,000 infected individuals and the number of AIDS patient increases rapidly.After HIV infecting body, CD4 + T cells which are the key cells regulating immune response are damaged by HIV continuously. Finally immune system is destroyed and all kinds of opportunistic infections appear so as to death. The purpose of treatment of AIDS is restoring and reconstructing body immune system by suppressing HIV replication. Cell immune response plays an important role in anti - HIV infection. After CD4 + T cells are infected with HIV, many kinds of cytokines are released to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte ( CTL) , lymphocyte cytokine activated killer (LAK) , and natural killer(NK) , which can kill infected cells directly or promote proliferation and differenciation of other cells through cytokines secretion such as IFN - r and TNF - a . Cytokines have important regulating ructions in cellular immune response. In normal human body, T helper (Th) secretes type I and type II cytokines which regulate cellular and humoral immune response respectively so as to keep balance of body immune response. Imami reports that there is a shift of cytokines in HIV infected individuals. Level of type I cytokines are higher than normal control in early stage of HIV infection and type II cytokines are in the lead in AIDS patients. Ghose Rreports that type I cytokines are in advantage of protecting HIV infected individuals and type II cytokines are bad for controlling disease. Up to now, there are few reports in China about study of cytokines on HIV infection and in order to understand the change of cytokines in HIV infected individuals in China, we select 34 cases HIV infected individuals and detect the level of cytokines in their body.In terms of treating AIDS, anti - HIV drugs are important and the most effective treatment is high activity antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The most two critical stages in HIV life cycle are transcription and translation and processing of protein. HARRT can inhibit replication of HIV by suppressing retrotrans-criptase(RT) and proteinase so as to clear virus, restore and reconstruct body immune response. Compared with single drug formula, HAART increases the functional targets, intense anti - HIV activity, decrease single drug dose and lower the side effect. But with long term clinical surveillance, HAART still can' t clear all the virus hiding in brain and lymphatic node and cross drug resistance and multiple drug resistance of HIV ?1 appear. United states and Europe research show that 5-16% newly infected individuals have been infected with drug resistance strains. Foreign research reports that detecting drug resistance before treatment predict failure or decreasing effect of anti - HIV treatment. French VIRADAPT prospect study shows that after applying changed formula based on genotypic assays on patients for 6 months, viral load is lower than control group significantly. Brindero and Caride report that HIV -1 drug resistant mutation correlates with virus subtype. There are no large scope clinical treatment on AIDS in China and reports of this is deficient. With more and more AIDS patients appearing, clinical treatment becomes necessary. Therefore, building genotype drug resistant virus strain genotypic assays and studying the relationship between virus subtype and drug resistant mutation and monitoring drug resistance are very important for prevention and treatment of AIDS.Material and Methods1. All the patients were diagnosed by " the regulation of HIV/AIDS diagnose in Republic People of China" , and verifie...
|
PDF Full Text Request