| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be translated into a series of symptoms of psychological and physiology alterations in stress response caused by intense psychological trauma. The diagnose criterion of PTSD were established by DSM-III (1980) and ICD-10 (1993) and its main symptom could be briefly defined as hyperarousal, intrusive memory (flashbacks) and numbness (emotional blunting), etc. The suffering can persist a long time and even in all one's life.PTSD is the result of a severe and extraordinary stressor in psychological traumatic events that produce scare, desperation, and loss of control, ect., such as distressing environment, war, violent crime (rape especially have a high risk), or the witnessing of violent incidents. In modern combats, the destructibility and horrific power of new weapons, limitless and abominable filed (big noise, blazing flash, high radiation, over hot and cool, high altitude, etc) could produce a severe psychology pressure to soldiers, thus becoming one of the main reasons of numbers depleting. These all are related to PTSD. So, it is urgently necessary to study how to avoid the influence of PTSD. In traditional behaviour study the lack of effective measurement and analysis led to time taking, recorder disturbing, misplaying and inferior quantification. We built an advanced behaviour laboratory and behaviour detecting system which provided electromagnetism-proof, long time automatic recorde with video and computer and pretection of animals from secondary stress. Our behaviour detecting system based on image technique of computer can give a comprehensive, exact and fine evaluation for the motive behaviour of experimental animals, and, with advanced mathematics tools, the index is novel and has better characterization. The previous study of PTSD focused on the clinical psychological consultation and psychotherapy, and there was lack of knowledge of mechanism of developing PTSD. A lot of evidences suggested that PTSD cases were related not only to the mental disorder butalso to pathological alterations in brain structure and functions, especially in hippocampal which influences memory and emotion. Some researches have shown that there are morphological changes (reduced) within the hippocampal, prefrontal lobe and corpus callosum, etc in long-standing PTSD patients. Recent study has shown that the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis (HPA) plays a key role in development of PTSD. Hippocampal belongs to up-modulation center of HPA. This study focused on the hippocampl which will be benefit to explain the mechanism of pathological alterations of PTSD. Apoptosis is a kind of self-programmed death of cell and different with necrosis. It is activated by gene, enzyme, biology signal and other environment factors. The apoptosis may occur in the hippocampal and the prefrontal lobe in PTSD patients. Glutamate (Glu) is the primary excitatory transmitter in the brain and plays an intimated role in the processes of consciousness and memory. Additionally, over accumulation of Glu is a killer to neurons by its excitatory toxic, and a lot of degenerative changes of brain is involved in it. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is a inhibitory transmitter and plays a common role in physiology inhibited activity in the brain and mediates the balance of excitatory-inhibitory responses. So, it is of significence to study the dysregulation of Glu-GABA in PTSD.Melatonin (MT) is a hormone secreted by pineal and plays a key role in biological rhythm. Recent study shows that MT can mediate the response of neuroendocrine and stress and has other functions, e.g., inhibition of activity of adrenal, thyroid and gonad, anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, anti-oxidation, anti-convulsion, sedative-hypnotic, free radical cleaning, and neuron surviving. These results suggest that MT may improve the situation of PTSD.Our experiment included 4 parts: (1)Development of automatic behaviour detecting system in rats: to build a behaviour detecting system with compute automatic control and reco...
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