| Background and Purpose — Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high ratios of all stroke related death and high levels of residual disability. It is also mostly a disease of the elderly. Brain edema formation is one of the important complications after ICH. The present study, which investigated the effects of thrombin, HO-1 and aging on brain edema formation, neurological deficients and brain atrophy after ICH, will help to improve the understanding of mechanisms after ICH.Methods -- Male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intracerebral infusion of 100-μl autologous blood. With different kind of treatments (intracerebral or intraperitoneal treatment), brain edema, swelling, neurological deficients, protein levels and mRNA levels are examined at different time points. Methods of behavior tests, brain water content measuring, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, computer-assisted morphometric analyses and RT-PCR were used in this study. Thrombin activity was also measured at 1 hour and day1 after ICH.Results -- 1) Our results demonstrated that compared with sham ipsilateral or contralateral basal ganglia, thrombin activity increased significant highly in perihematoma areas at 1h and 24h after ICH (P<0.01). Thrombin-positive cells were detected mostly in the ipsilateral basal ganglia at lh and 3d. Prothrombin mRNA could be detected in the rat brain at lh, 4h, 24h after ICH as well as in the sham 24h group. Long term brain atrophy can be reduced by hirudin intracerebral infusion (P<0.05). 2)By treatment with intraperitoneal... |
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