| ObjectiveRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel, non-invasive neurological and psychiatric tool with potential therapeutic properties in several psychiatric disorders. The studies of sex difference in antidepressant (like) effect are currently sparse. Moreover, effect of multiple types of rTMS on learning and memory is not very clear. Additionally, the mechanism of rTMS may be involved in neuroplasticity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the biological effects of rTMS and focus on the antidepressant-like effect of rTMS as well as the relevant sex difference; we also wanted to study the effect of acute low-frequency and chronic high-frequency rTMS on learning and memory process; Finally, the other aim of present study was to investigate the effect of chronic rTMS on expression of Bcl-2 protein in hippocampus of rats.MethodMale and female Wistar rats received rTMS (15 Hz, 1.0 Tesla, 2000 stimuli) for 10 days. Then rats were tested in forced-swim test. We studied the potential antidepressant-like effect of rTMS as well as the sex difference. The naive male Wistar rats received rTMS for consecutive 5 days were subject to open filed test respectively in 1st and 5th days followed with rTMS treatment.In our study, each male Wistar rat was given 300 high-frequency... |
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