Cloning And Expression, Tissue Distribution And Functions Of Mouse PGRP-L

In 1996, an article published by Science, whose topic was "The instructive role of innate immunity in the acquired immune response", put forward a new hypothesis that the inbeing of innate immunity is to identify molecular-pattern possessed especially by microorganism. Except for its first-line host defense, innate immunity also guides acquired immunity to response to pathogens and eliminates them in a proper way. Janeway CA Jr et al enriched this hypothesis in the later, suggesting that innate immunity initiates acquired immune response and controls the types of response through pattern-recognition. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition molecules that are conserved from insects to mammals and recognize bacteria and their unique cell wall component, peptidoglycan (PGN).The mammalian peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are homologues of Drosophila PGRP, which constitute a novel protein family that are conserved from insects to humans, and are a ubiquitous protein involved in innate immunity. Mammalian orthologs of insect PGRP-S have been cloned in the mouse, human, rat, cow and camel. Sequencing of the human genome allowed the discovery and cloning of three additional human PGRP homologs, designated PGRP-L, PGRP-Iα, and PGRP-Iβ, which, together with PGRP-S, form a family of four human PGRPs. Phylogenetic analyses of all mammalian and insect PGRPs indicated that PGRP-S is the oldest in the PGRP family and PGRP-L is the youngest. This analysis also...