The Comparison And Research Of Placental Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Between Nationality Zang And Immigrant Han In High Altitude

The Zang nationality live longest and closed in high altitude.They have more consummate ability of transporting and using oxygen.There are a few intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR).The higer birth weight and the efficient oxygenation make them generally accepted as the best nation of adaptation to high altitude.It is not clear about the mechanism of Zang nationality adaptation to high altitude.It was evidenced that the consumed oxygen by Zang were lower than by Han when they do the coordination duty.This state the better availability in cellular level of Zang may be the important mechanism of adaptation to high altitude.The mitochondrial changes of structure and function is the important mechanism of animal acclimatization to hypoxia environment.The Zang nationality live in high altitude more than about 25 000years,the genetic characteristic of them can be conserved well because of the closed environment and the isolated marriage.We presume the adaptation to hypoxia of Zang nationality maybe fixed through the natural selection.Hence they have the better ability to adaptation hypoxia environment than other nations.The most reseach about mitochondria were done in animal model before.There is no report about the mechanism of mitochondrial adaptation in hypoxia in permanent high altitude native . To expore the mechanism of Zang nationality adaptation to hypoxia,we reseach and compare the placental mitochondrial energy metabolism between nationality Zang and immigrant Han in high altitude.MethodsThe healthy Zang nationality(Z group) and the immigrant Han(H group) pregnant woman were recruited.Their gestation were 37~42 weeks.There is no different of ages and body mass index between them.Comprasion the placental size, the placental weight, the placental ratio, the birth weight, the fetus body lenth, and the low birth rate between the two group.Isolation and abstraction the placental mitochondria, measurement the ST3, ST4, respiratory control rate(RCR), the complexI, II, IV of mitochondrial breath train by Clark oxygen electrode.F0-F1 ATP enzyme activity by measure P, the content of adenine nucleotide in placenta and mitochondria by HPLC; the ANT transport activity by H3-ADP intake; the mitochondrial membrane potential by Rhodamine 123 fluorescence; ANT mRNA expression by reverse PCR; ANT protein expression by Western blot. Observation the placental mitochondrial ultramicrostructure and morphology of the two groups by electro- microscope and light microscope..Results1. The placenta size, weight and placental ratio of Zang nationality are higher than immigrant Han; The birth weiht, the fetus body lenth of Zang nationality are higher than immigrant Han; The low birth weight of Zang nationality are lower than immigrant Han.2. The result of placental mitochondrial electrodemicroscope were: Most of placental mitochondria structure of Zang nationality are integraty, while most of placental mitochondria structure of immigrant Han are swelling, vacuolus, cristae shedding, most kytoplasm raritas.3. The result of placental mitochondrial morphology of Zang nationality were: the smaller diameter of villus, the bigger surface area of villus, the affluent capillary between the villus, zoarium tuberculation. The result of placental mitochondrial morphology of immigrant Han were: the villus interstitial edema, the less capillary of villus interstitial, the increased villus fiber.3. The activity of placental breath train complex I, II, and F0-F1 ATPase enzymatic of Zang nationality are higher than that of immigrant Han.4. The ST3, RCR, OPR of are higher than that of immigrant Han.5. The placental mitochondrial membrane potential, the content of ATP in placenta and mitochondria of Zang nationality are higher than those of immigrant Han; the placenta adenylate pool ATP/ADP and energy charge of Zang nationality are higher than those of immigrant Han.6. The ANT mRNA expression of Zang nationality are lower significantly than that of immigrant Han; the ANT protein expression is no difference between the two groups; ANT transport activity of Zang nationality are higher than that of immigrant Han.Conclusion1. The fetus development of immigrant Han are effected by high altitude environment.In order to enhance the perinatal care of the immigrant and reduce the harmful effecion of the hypoxia in high altitude, so it's nessasery to explore the mechanism of this effection.2.Compared with the Zang nationality, under the hypoxia environment, the placenta mitochondrial ST3, RCR, membrane potential of immigrant Han was decreased, lead to reduce the ATP synthesis.3.Compared with Zang nationality, the basic oxygen consumption didn't increase and the expression of ANT mRNA increased in the immigrant Han , which maybe be the acclimatization mechanism to high altitude of immigrant Han.4.It's maybe the important mechanism of adaption to hypoxia in high altitude of Zang nationality that the placental mitochondrial energy metabolismo of them are higer than that of immigrant Han.