The Theory Of Gramsci 's Cultural Leadership And The Construction Of Chinese Cultural Leadership In The New

Gramsci is the main representative of Western Marxism in the early days, and he is a original Marxist theorist in the early 20 th century. His cultural hegemony theory not only developed Marxism in theory, but also guided the European proletarian revolution in practice. Cultural hegemony theory is core contents, which is a red line throughout all Gramsci’s thoughts. Gramsci was based on the new development era, and formed cultural hegemony theory based on his reflection on the lessons from the failure of the European revolution and the successful experience of the Russian October Revolution.Which way the proletarian should take to overthrow the rule of capitalist class is undoubtedly a theoretical and practical problem, which every Marxist faced at that time.As the leader of the Communist Party of Italy, Gramsci is no exception.Gramsci analyzed the different results of east and west wars and tried to find the road of revolution suitable for Europe. He firstly started from the differences of eastern and western social structure and found the presence of civil society in western countries,but civil society in oriental Russia had not formed. Given the huge differences of civil societies’ role and status in eastern and western class societies, Gramsci thought the western countries couldn’t take way of the Russian violent revolution to seize political hegemony, but they should firstly obtain cultural and ideological hegemony of civil society, and then seize the bourgeois regime. Based on a profound analysis of civil society, Gramsci proposed cultural hegemony theory. In Gramsci’s cultural hegemony theory, he redefined civil society, classified it as part of the superstructure, which constituted a "complete" state with political society. He regarded practical philosophy as the philosophical foundation of cultural leadership, regarded social relations as a standard to differentiate intellectuals, which can be divided into the traditional intellectuals and organic intellectuals. And he thought “positional warfare” was an effective way to get the cultural hegemony of civil society. Although Gramsci’s cultural hegemony theory had exaggerated the role of ideology in the developing process of social history with the tendency of "Utopia" and encountered many bottlenecks in the practice of the proletarian revolution in Italy, it not only developed Marxist theory in his own unique way, promoted "cultural turn" in the study of Western Marxism, guided the communist revolution in Europe, but also had important methodological significance forconstruction of Chinese culture hegemony in the new period.Since the establishment of the Communist Party of China, she attached great importance to building culture hegemony. Construction of cultural hegemony is an important task of the Communist Party of China, which throughout the entire process of Chinese revolution, construction and reform. Especially since the reform and opening up, the complex international and domestic situation had changed, strengthening construction of cultural hegemony has become an important task of our party and state.In the new period, Chinese social structure has been from "integration of state and society" to "alienation of state and society", the main task of the proletarian party has been from establishing authority to cultural identity, state function has been from political domination to state governance, and the historical position of our party has been from a revolutionary party to a ruling party. In this social context, the construction of cultural hegemony can maintain and consolidate the legitimacy of the ruling Communist Party of China, safeguard national cultural and ideological security,improve the party’s governing capacity, and provide spiritual support to realize dream of the rejuvenation of China. However, the construction of cultural hegemony is a difficult,long-term, and complex process. The construction of cultural hegemony is facing the dual challenges from the international and domestic environment in the new period, and there are still many problems to be solved, so it is necessary to further promote and improve the construction of cultural hegemony.Although our country’s historical background is different from Gramsci’s times,Gramsci’s cultural hegemony theory has important reference for the construction of Chinese cultural hegemony after the reform and opening up.We can absorb nutrients from Gramsci’s cultural hegemony theory to build cultural hegemony suitable for the concrete practice in our country. In the new period, we must adhere to and consolidate legitimacy and guiding position of Marxism in the China’s ideological field, strengthen the hegemony of the Chinese Communist Party, strengthen the construction of intellectuals team, and strengthen the construction of the socialist core value system,then further promote and improve the Chinese culture hegemony.