A Study On The Alienation Of Human In The Paris Manuscript

This dissertation expounds the views on man’s alienation represented in the "Paris Manuscripts", including "Economic and Philosophy Manuscripts of 1844" and "Comments on Mill" from the social and historical perspective.Firstly, it reveals the historical connotation of the concept of Alienation Marx used. Marx critically absorbed the concept of Alienation and the Dialectics from Hegel, discribing the history of the world as the self creating and self actualizating process of the human beings by their objective activities. Man objectify his potential essence into real objects, and then possess these objects in order to realize self creation and self actualization. It’s a spontaneous action that man objectify his essence. It is man’s alienation that man is possessed by his objective essence he spontaneously created instead of consciously possessing his objevtive essence. Alienating and Sublating Alienation are historical and realistic concepts that must be hold in the process of man’s self creation.Secondly, it analyses the social connotation of the concept of Species-being Marx employed. Marx took Species being as man’s essence, which is the starting point of man’s self creating process. Marx took this concept over from Feuerbach, and reformed it. Species may be understood as ’abstract species’ which indicates a aggregation based on generality of individuals, or as ’realistic species" which figures a community based on realistic interdependence and mutual complementation of individuals. Feuerbach used Species as ’abstract species’ while Marx used it as ’realistic species’. These two understanding of the concept Species are essential different. The ’abstract species’ is the result of abstract thinking, while the ’realistic species’ is the objective existence which does not depend on the abstract thinking. When Marx said man is a Species being, he meant man is a social being. Labor, identified as species’ characters of man, is critical to man, not because it distinguishes man from animals as man’s abstract generality, but because it enables man to be a social-being by complementing each other in realistic relation. Labor is the species’ life of man, that means it is the social life, the social existence of man, also means it is the realistic ligament of man and his society.Thirdly, it expounds the connotation of man’s alienation from the social and histrical perspective. Man as a social being spontaneously objectifies his social essence to be social existence and social power. It is man’s alienation that man is possessed by, instead of counsciously possessing, the social existence and social power he created. Man’s alienation is an inevitable stage of man’s development. Only taking man as a social being, and only from the perspective of man’s social relation, Marx’s theory of alienated labor could be accurately understood. The alienated labor could exist only in the society, in the relation of man with each other. The alienated labor and the private property are a unity. They have generated as a unity and will be sublated as a unity. It is the transcendence of Marx over national economists comprehending the relation of the alienated labor and the private property from the social and historical perspective.Finally, it elaborates the connotation of Sublating man’s alienation from the social and histrical perspectives. Political Emancipation is not Human Emancipation that means really sublating man’s alienation. Sublating man’s alienation means that man possesses the social existence and social power he created, and become the subject of his society, and finally completes the unification of man and society, and the whole objective world by making them as a part of man himself.