Research On The Protection Of Cultivated Land By The Government In China

Cultivated land resource is the lifeblood of a country, because it can influence the food security and national stability. Therefore, China take it very seriously, and remains cultivated land protection as a basic state policy. However, with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, Cultivated land resource is severely affected, now the quantity of it is get close to the 1.8 billion hectare red line, soil pollution has affected people’s health. Hence, China must establish a new safety concept including quantitative security, quality security and ecological security, and pay more attention to cultivated land resources security, and take effective measures to protect cultivated land resources.This paper introduces regulation theory into the domain of cultivated land resources security, attempts to find the solutions to the problem of cultivated land resources security. As the main regulator, central government guides local governments to take concerted action, and encourages farmers to participate in cultivated land resources protection. At present china has used many regulatory instruments including administrative permission, fiscal subsidy and effluent fees, but the result is not satisfying.This paper conduct a positivist study of the effect of regulations between 2001 and2012 with the DEA model, the results show that the effect of regulations slipped down in recent years. Using the same method, the study of the effect of regulations of 2012 shows that the Inner Mongolia ‘s effect of regulations is the highest, while the Shanghai’s effect of regulations is the lowest. When Liaoning province is chose for a typical analysis, it is shown that he results show that the effect of regulations slipped down in recent years too,which is the same as China, this may indicates that China paid less attention to the problem as a whole. Then the paper conducts a positivist study using data of 2001 to2012 with the driving force model, obtains a regression equation of China. The result shows that GDP and the quantity of cultivated land are weakly positive correlated,population size and the quantity of cultivated land are weakly positive correlated, length of transport routes and the quantity of cultivated land are strongly positive correlated. It is predicted by the regression equation that if we don’t take further action, our country will break through the 1.8 billion hectare red line in 2025, so the situation of cultivated land resources security is not going well.On this basis this paper analyzes the main problems and corresponding reasons inregulators, regulatory institutes, regulatory policy systems and regulatory contents. The main problems in regulators are regulation insufficient of central government, inactive of local governments; The main problems in regulators are lack of a united and independent regulatory institutes, lack of social participation, responsibility assigning mechanism needs further perfection; The main problems in regulatory policy systems are problems in administrative laws and regulations, problems in economical regulation, problems in the regulation of the regulators.Then this paper investigates the situation of some main countries in the world, and summarizes the experiences of America, England, Japan, Germany and France in the aspects of regulatory structure and regulatory policy systems. The main experiences are improvement of the laws, providing subsidies,PDR and TDR, transfer of development rights and purchase of development rights, social participation, green belt policy,municipal amalgamation and land transaction.At last, this paper analyses the game relationship and their possible actions of central government and local government, central government and peasants, local governments and peasants, also gives some brief advices. Then on the basis of foreign experiences, presents specific suggestions from the aspects of regulatory structure,regulatory policy systems and regulatory contents. Suggestions to regulatory structure are set up a cultivated land resources security regulatory leading group of the State Council,set up a R&D group, put land resources bureau and Environmental Protection Agency under the local governments, set up a environment supervision bureau, improvement of the laws, perfect the tax system, increasing the subsidies, perfect pollutant charge systems,raise land compensation standard, taking advantage of financial institutions,perfect social security system, using of market mechanism, reinforcing the Supervision and inspection, social participation, information openness.Problems in regulatory contents are, establish three devices in one concept, land sorting and land remediation, development of ecological agriculture, regulation of land abandonment, regulation of rural house abandonment, regulation of blind expansion of cities.