A Common Platform Based On Cosmic Ray And Fluctuation Phenomena In Nuclear Collisions

Nuclear physics and particle physics are subjects to research into the structure of matter. The research is through the experimental phenomena, the experiment data, the simulation calculation and theoretical model to study the material interactions and the most basic rules. According to the interactions between different particles and the materials, the physicists design different detectors to research the final-particles generated from interactions between material and ray, and get the final-particles energy, momentum, track, charge and so on. The high-energy physicists not only build the accelerators, but also build complex and large detector systems (spectrometers), to research the final-particles in fixed-target and collider experiments. So the new detector technology research for particle physics development is great significance.This thesis contains mainly two parts. The first part includes chapters1-5which investigate high-energy detectors including the design, manufacture, measurement, and data analysis. The second part includes chapter6which presents a modeling work.The first three chapters introduce the study of the common platform based on cosmic ray. The first chapter gives the background, principle, and design of the platform. The second chapter presents the time resolution of a Time-Of-Fly detector by using cosmic ray and the Intensified Charge-Coupled Device (ICCD) camera. It is shown that the time resolution of the Time-Of-Fly detector is better than200ps which meet the requirement of the platform. In the third chapter, the read out system of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detector is studied. According to the experimental data, a new solution method, laser and ICCD, is suggested. From the result we know that the RPC signal can make laser lighting and the solution is feasible.In the fourth chapter, a new detector, Thick Gaseous Electron Multipliers (THGEM), is investigated on its working principle, localization of structural characteristics, and production process. We focus our attention on the performances of two large-area THGEMs with sizes of10×10cm2and20×20cm2respectively. In the fifth chapter, a study is made to detect the Cherenkov ray by using CsI (Na), and this method can be used for particle identification. The results show that Csl (Na) can detect the Cherenkov ray.In the sixth chapter, the multiplicity distributions of nuclear fragments in hadron-nucleus (hA) and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions at intermediate and high energies, the event-by-event fluctuations in some global observables in AA collisions at high energies, and the energy spectra of light charged particles and evaporation residues in heavy ion induced reactions at low energies are investigateds by using the multisource thermal model. The modeling results are in agreement with the experimental data. This indicates that, except for special characteristics, common laws exist usually in nuclear collisions.