Research On Establishment And Emprical Analysis Of Security System For River Drinking Source Water

In recent years, the rapid development of industrial economy and acceleration of urbanization have caused the discharging of industrial wastewater and urban sewage remain so stubbornly high, which makes water environment of China face an enormous pressure. The shortage of drinking source water has been an indisputable fact in China. In this study, the security system which cover site selection assessment, pollutants monitoring and emergency response, pollution prevention and control of protected zone and suitability assessment was established for River drinking source water being the largest supply quantity,the worst water quality and the most outstanding of security status.The assessment system of site selection for River source water was proposed and established for the problems of site selection exposed in a number of pollution incidents. Basing on Analytic-Hierarchy-Process (AHP), twenty-eight key factors were selected and empowered from legal constraints, environmental quality, water security and environmental risk. Taking the site selection plan of source water of Mudanjiang city as the case, the assessment system of site selection for River source water was implemented. Study showed that the score of planⅠwas 92.78 and the score of planⅡwas 86.15, planⅠcould be recommended as a priority program.The symmetry analysis of organic pollutants was made on Standards for drinking water quality, Environmental quality standards for surface water and major discharge standards against the characteristics of River drinking source water be impacted by the pollutant emissions of river basin and high cumulative health risk. Analysis shows there were different on type and concentration limits of pollutants in standards, and blind spot of monitoring. The draining water of some chemical plant in Songhua River basin was selected to make the organic pollutant ingredient examination by solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS). The data showed that six toxic organic pollutants including chloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, toluene, aniline and chloral were poor overlap in the standard system which proved the omission in pollutant monitoring. With pollution characteristics of River drinking source water, the methods of establishing key pollutant monitoring list was proposed to guide the daily environmental monitoring, and the emergency response procedures including accident reports, emergency treatment, emergency technology and emergency termination.The prevention and control program of source water protection zone including reasonable division of protection zone, reduction of point and non-point source pollution and pollutants blocking was proposed against the characteristics of fast transport of pollutants, large space and complicated hydrology. The main source water of Mudanjiang city as the case was studied which include determining the reasonable scope of protection zone, rural sewage treated by jet-loop coupled with constructed wetland technology, rural livestock pollution reducted by biogas fermentation and planting pollution blocked by riparian buffer zone. The source water can be reduced COD 2293.4 t/a, NH3-N 318.9 t/a, TP 46.1 t/a by the implementation of integrated pollution prevention and control programs, and source water quality will be greatly improved.With Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model,the suitability assessment system of River drinking source water was established by indicators of health risk, water capacity and environmental risk to evaluate the ability of source water supporting the sustainable development of cities against the combined effects of environmental factors changing for the service function . Taking Liuyuan source water of Qiqihaer city as an example, the study of suitability assessment system for of River source water was implemented. Study showed that the carcinogenic risk of chromium (VI) reached 6.12×10-4, that was a high degree of health risk; the industrial water security reached 43.7% in next 5 years, that was a wide gap ; environmental risk was moderate. According to conclution of indicators, the suggestion of construction and management about source water was given for management decisions.