Study On Variety Classification Of Tibetan Medicinal Herb "Dida" And Variety And Quality Of Halenia Elliptica D.Don

"Dida" (Tibetan Yinchen) is one of the most representative herb in commonly used Tibetan medicines.This article aiming at problems about "Dida" Herbs as their significant differences of varieties, classification, names, origin and clinical use in various Tibetan areas. Its quality standards was imperfect and couldn't ensure precise clinical medication. The article investigated the herbs source and use situation of "Dida" (including genuses of Swertia,Halenia,Gentianopsis,Comastoma,Lomatogonium and Saxifraga)in Tibetan area and also sorted the varieties, classification, name and origin. The article proposed the name and naming norm of "Dida" herbs, established quality standard of "Jihe Di"(Halenia. elliptica D. Don) following the medicine technologh standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,which is one of the "Dida" herbs, and achieved the following results:1. Variety collation and investigation of resources and use situation"Dida" maybe the pronunciation of the Tibetan transliteration for the medicinal plant "chiretta" of genus swertia in southern Asia. Referenced to Tibetan medicine literature and categories characteristics of Tibetan medicines, and combined the investigation on the resources and use situation of "Dida", The article determine the naming norm of "Dida" herbs. "Dida" was the total name. Under which were three kinds:"Indian Dida ", "Nepal Dida " and "Tibet Dida," The latter was divided into six species, namely the "Song Di", "Sai Di", "E Di "," Sang Di","Jihe Di" and "Ge Di".Based on literature textual research, the source plants and use situation of "Dida" was investigated and sorted. The investigation area includes the major use areas of Tibetan medicine in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. Collected a total of 38 species,7 varieties by ourselves and 41 batches of commercial "Dida" medicines through Tibetan medical institutions, clinics, pharmaceutical companies and markets. The origin identification results showed that the main species of "Dida" using and selling in Tibetan hospitals, pharmaceutical companies and markets is "Indian Dida "(Jia Di, Swertia chirayita), "Song Di"(Saxifraga umbellulata var. petinata), "Jihe Di Ranguo"(Halenia elliptica) and Swertia mussotii. Analyzed the resource quantity and sustainable use prospect of all kinds of "Dida" medicinal herbs. The S. tetraptera Maxim.. S. dilatata C.B.Clark, S. macrosperma C.B.Clark,S. nervosa (G.Don) Wall. ex C. B. Clarke, Gentianopsis paludosa (Hook.f.)Ma, Lomatogonicum carinthiacum (Wulf.) Reichb., Saxifraga montanella H. Smith, etc have the potentiality to be the "Dida " medicinal herbs from the perspectives of the size of distribution area and resource quantity of each species.The Survey showed that Swertia ciliata distributes in adjacent area between Pulan county in Tibet and Nepal, but commercial herb of the species hasn't been collected. The Swertia chirayita, which distribution area was Dingjie county adjacent to Shigatse and Nepal and with abundant source quantity, which has no distribution in China recorded in iteratures. While there was no commercial herbs in the markets because of transport constraints.All the "Dida" medicinal herbs collected in China were wild herb. So the plants species were closely related to the plants distribution and resource quantity. The "Jia Di" and "Song Di" were used differently in clinical formulations. Maybe there were different understanding and application methods of other species in different Tibetan hospitals and pharmaceutical companies.2. Resources evaluation of "Jihe Di Ranguo" (Halenia. elliptica D. Don)The result of resources investigation and classifying research showed that new variants of Halenia. elliptica D. Don maybe exist. Through field research, population ecology research and sample surveys, the result showed that species had wide distribution, large suitable habitat in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a higher yield per unit area,abundance of deposit and high rate of seed germination, which could form a dominant population. The resource of Halenia. elliptica D. Don could ensure sustainable utilization by analysis present actual usage of that species.3. Systematic research of chemical composition.Systematically researched the chemical composition in Halenia. elliptica D. Don by Silica gel chromatography, reversed phase chromatography separation,1H-NMR 13C-NMR,GC-MS,HPLC-MS and other spectra. Identified eleven compounds:1-hydroxy -2,3,4,7 - trimethoxy Xanthone (Ⅰ),1 - hydroxy -2,3,7 - trimethoxy Xanthone (Ⅱ),1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-trimethoxy Xanthone (Ⅲ),1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy Xanthone (Ⅳ),1,7 - hydroxy -2,3,4,5 - Tetramethyl oxygen Xanthone (Ⅴ), 1 - hydroxy -2,3,5,7 - Tetramethoxy Xanthone (Ⅵ),1,7 - dihydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy mouth Hill ketone (Ⅶ),5,7,2',5',6'-4-hydroxy-flavone (oleanolic acid) (Ⅷ), luteolin and 5,7,3',4'-4-hydroxy-flavone-7-O -β-D-glucose-(1-6)-β-D-gluco-side (luteolin-7-O-gentiobiose glucose) (Ⅸ). The compositionsⅧandⅨwere firstly separated from that species.4. Quality standards of "Jihe Di Ranguo"(Halenia. elliptica D. Don)Used 31 batched of Halenia. elliptica D. Don samples, established a comprehensive quality standards for Halenia. elliptica D. Don for the first time on the basis of composition research and evaluation of biological activity. Improved the resource and microscopic identification of "Dida". Added TLC identification in Identification item. Add limit amount of total ash and acid insoluble ash in Check item. Added extract content. Determined multicomponent by HPLC method in Assaying item to estimated the quality of medicine herbs systematically. Prescribe the total content of 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-Tetramethoxy Xanthone (C17H17O7) and 1 hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy Xanthone (C16 H15 O6) shouldn't less than 0.80%, while the total content of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid shouldn't less than %. Established HPLC fingerprint and defined 26 common chromatographic peaks, in which 12 chromatographic peaks were indentified. Compared the four main species of "Dida" by microscopic identification, TLC identification and HPLC fingerprint. The new quality standards can distinguish the four medicinal herbs. Based on the above, the article drafted the" Quality standards of Halenia (draft)" and "Instructions for quality standards of Halenia", and also recommended to the Pharmacopoeia Commission as supplement standards of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2010 edition.