Yang And Physical Fitness, Physical Deficiency And Stomach Deficiency Card, Stomach Yin Deficiency Metabolomics Study

Objectives:to study the syndromes of yang deficiency and yin deficiency, and the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency in Chinese medicine, summarize the research progress and achievements, and further enrich the relationship between constitutions and syndromes; to compare the characteristics between syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency, and the metabonomics of the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency, to explore the evidence of the classification of syndromes and constitutions and its mechanism; to provide the molecular biological evidence for the relationship between constitutions and syndromes.Methods:The theory of both the syndromes and constitutions of yang deficiency were studied via methods of literature searching and modern literature analysis. In order to find the biomarker, the characteristics of the metabonomics of the blood and urine in the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency and the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency were compared and analyzed by the technique of 1H-NMR and the Superconducting NMR spectrometer of INOVA 600 MHz (Varian,Inc.)Results:The characteristics of the metabonomics in the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency and the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency were studied. Each group contains 30 samples. The results were combined with the theory and the former experimental study with the control of the normal people:①The metabonomics can classify the syndromes objectively. Compared to the normal people, there were changes of metabolic network in the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency;②The metabonomics can explain the relations and differences between the constitutions and syndromes. Compared to the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency, there were changes of metabolic network in the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency;③The potential biomarker of the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency was discovered, and the change direction of contents was confirmed.The blood markers of the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency were lactic acid (lactate,δ1.32,1.33), low density lipoprotein (LDL,δ0.88,0.89,1.22,1.26, 1.27～1.29),alanine(Ala,δ1.47,1.48), high density lipoprotein(HDL,δ0.85,0.86), glucose (glucose,δ3.4-3.7), glycine (Gly,δ3.55), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL,δ0.94, 1.38,1.34), ultra high tetty acids (UFA,δ5.3),ultra high tetty acids (Ptd,δ3.22) The blood markers of the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency were lactic acid (lactate,δ1.32,1.33), low density lipoprotein (LDL,δ0.88,0.89,1.22,1.26, 1.27-1.29), alanine(Ala,δ1.47,1.48),high density lipoprotein(HDL,δ0.85,0.86),glucose (glucose,δ3.4～3.7), glycine (Gly,δ3.55), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL,δ0.94, 1.38,1.34), ultra high tetty acids(UFA,δ5.22,5.3,5.34), ultra high tetty acids(Ptd,δ3.22).Compared to the normal person, lactic acid(lactate,δ1.32,1.33), low density lipoprotein (LDL,δ0.88,0.89,1.27～1.29),alanine(Ala,δ1.47,1.48), glucose(glucose,δ3.4～3.7), and glycin (Gly,δ3.55) were lower in the blood of spleen and stomach yang deficiency, while high density lipoprotein (HDL,δ0.85,0.86), low density lipoprotein (LDL,δ1.22,1.26), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL,δ0.94,1.38,1.34), ultra high tetty acids(UFA,δ5.3),phosphatidylcholine (Ptd,δ3.22) expressed higher. The lactic acid (lactate,δ1.32,1.33),low density lipoprotein (LDL,δ0.88,0.89,1.27-1.29),alanine (Ala,δ1.47,1.48),high density lipoprotein (HDL,δ0.85,0.86), and glycine (Gly,δ3.55) expressed relatively lower in the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency, while high density lipoprotein (HDL,δ0.86), low density lipoprotein (LDL,δ1.22,1.26), low density lipoprotein (VLDL,δ0.94,1.38, 1.34), low density lipoprotein (UFA,δ5.22,5.3,5.34), phosphatidylcholine (Ptd,δ3.22) expressed relatively higher and glucose (glucose,δ3.4～3.7) was relatively lower.Compared to the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency, lactic acid (lactate,δ1.32,1.33), low density lipoprotein(LDL,δ0.88,0.89,1.26～1.29), alanine(Ala,δ1.48), high density lipoprotein (HDL,δ0.85,0.86), glycine (Gly,δ3.55), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL,δ1.3,1.34), ultra and high tetty acids (UFA,δ5.3) expressed relatively lower, while high density lipoprotein (HDL,δ0.86), glucose (glucose,δ3.4～3.7), phosphatidylcholine (Ptd,δ3.22) expressed relatively higher in the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency.Compared to the constitution of yang deficiency, the alanine (Ala,δ1.48), glutaminate (Gln,δ2.12,2.13,2.45,2.46,3.74), glycine (Gly,δ3.55). ultra high tetty acids (UFA,δ5.22,5.3,5.34) expressed relatively lower, while the glucose (glucose,δ3.4～3.7), high densitv lipoprotein (HDL,δ0.86), low densitv lipoprotein (LDL,δ0.9),very low densitv lipoprotein(VLDL,δ0.94,1.38), N-acetyl glycoproteins(Nac,δ2.02), phosphatidylcholine (Ptd,δ3.22) expressed relatively higher in the blood of the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency.Compared to the constitution of yin deficiency, the lactic acid (Lac,δ1.32,1.33), low densitv lipoprotein (LDL,δ0.89,1.18,1.28), glutaminate (Gln,δ2.45,2.46). satisfied fatty acid (FA,δ2.22), ultra high tetty acids (UFA,δ5.3,5.34) expressed relatively lower, while the alanine (Ala,δ1.46～1.48), glucose (glucose,δ3.4～3.7), glycine (Gly,δ3.54), high densitv lipoprotein(HDL,δ0.86), very low densitv lipoprotein (VLDL,δ0.94,1.38, 1.34), N-acetyl glycoproteins(Nac,δ2.02), phosphatidylcholine(Ptd,δ3.22)expressed higher in the blood of the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency.The markers of the urine of the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency were lactic acid (lactate,δ1.34,4.14,4.18),acetonate; pyruvate (δ2.38),citric acid (δ2.54, 2.66,2.70),dimethylamine(δ2.74),dimethylglycine(δ2.82),trimethylamine(δ2.94),creatinine (δ3.06,4.06),creatinine(δ3.26), creatinine(δ3.26,3.42),glycine(δ3.58),benzoylglycine (δ3.98,7.54,7.58,7.62,7.66,7.82,7.86)The markers of the urine of the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency were:acid(lactate,δ1.34,4.14,4.18),acetonate;pyruvate(δ2.38),citric acid(δ2.54,2.66,2.70),dimethylamine (δ2.74),dimethylglycine (δ2.82),dimethylglycine (δ3.06,4.06), trimethylamine oxide (δ3.26), taurine (δ3.26,3.42),glycine (δ3.58),benzoylglycine (δ3.98,7.54,7.58, 7.62,7.66,7.82,7.86)Compared to the normal people, the lactic acid (lactate,δ1.34,4.14,4.18),lactic acid (δ2.54,2.66,2.70),dimethylamine (δ2.74),creatinine (δ3.06,4.06), trimethylamine oxide (δ3.26),and glycine (δ3.58) expressed relatively higher, while the acetonat (δ2.38) and trimethylamine (δ2.94) expressed relatively lower in the urine of the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency.Compared to the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency, the lactic acid (lactate,δ1.34, 4.14,4.18), citric acid (δ2.54,2.66,2.70),trimethylamine (δ2.94),trimethylamine oxide (δ3.26),taurine (δ3.26,3.42),glycine (δ3.58) expressed relatively higher, while the acetonate (δ2.38),dimethylamine (82.74),dimethylamine (δ3.06,4.06),benzoylglycine (δ3.98,7.54,7.58,7.62,7.66,7.82,7.86) expressed relatively lower in the urine of the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency.Compared to the constitution of yang deficiency, the lactic acid (δ1.34,4.14,4.18), creatinine (creatinine,δ3.06,4.06), trimethylamine oxide (δ2.94), glycine (glycine,3.58) were relatively higher, while the acetonate was relatively lower in the blood of the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency.The same markers for the syndrome of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and the constitution of yang deficiency in the urine were discovered at the same chemical shift. There was no difference between these two groups. The citric acid (δ2.54,2.66,2.70). dimethylamine (82.74),trimethylamine (δ2.94). taurine (δ3.26,3.42). taurine (δ3.98, 7.54,7.58,7.62,7.66,7.82,7.86)Compared to the constitution of yin deficiency, the lactic acid(δ1.34,4.14,4.18), citric acid (δ2.54,2.66,2.70), creatinine (creatinine,δ3.06,4.06),trimethylamine oxide (δ2.94),glycine (glycine,3.58) expressed relatively higher, while the pyeuvate (pyeuvateδ2.38) expressed relatively lower in the urine of the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency.The same markers for the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency and the constitution of yin deficiency in the urine were discovered at the same chemical shift. There was no difference between these two groups. The dimethylamine (δ2.74),dimethylglycine (δ2.82),taurine (83.26,3.42),benzoylglycine (δ3.98,7.54,7.58,7.62,7.66,7.82,7.86)④The physiologic function and metabolic pathway was studied by consulting relational database and literature. The differences of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency were discovered with the changes of neurotransmitters and viscera function. The metabolism function of the syndrome group was lower than that of the constitution group.The biological characteristics of the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency and the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency were explored with the techniques and methods of metabonomics, which may provide a novel explanation for the relations and differences between the constitutions and syndromes.Conclusion:The constitutions and the syndromes of yang deficiency and yin deficiency were studied and compared. The relations and differences of connotation, formation reason, manifestation, morbidity, etc were formulated overall, which lays a theory foundation for the experimental study. The discovery of the potential biomarkers of the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency and the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency provides the objective evidence for the relationship between constitutions and syndromes from the aspect of metabonomics. The differences of energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, and amino acid metabolism between the constitutions of yang deficiency and yin deficiency and the syndromes of spleen and stomach yang deficiency and stomach yin deficiency were discovered with the changes of neurotransmitters and viscera function.