| Topic; The pathodynamic research of experimental congenital clubfootObjective: The congenital clubfoot include equine ankle, calcaneus varus, and anterior foot abduction. The etiology of clubfoot involves in inheritance, neuromuscular pathological changes. However, the pathological process of the clubfoot remains unclear in all the previously research and it is necessary to study profoundly how the deformity develops, changes or the modifications take place, and when they appear, with what severity they occur, and how all these factors influence each other. The foundation of experimental model of clubfoot provides a rudimentary basement to study its pathodynamic procedure. The elec-tropysiological examination such as SSEPs can evaluate the function of neural system in congenital clubfoot and elucidate the etiology, and elicit prognosis.Methods :83 female Wistar rats weighing 220 to 250 g were divided into the control group and experimental group randomly. In the experimental group, a single dose of 120mg/kg per body weight of all-trans-retinoic acid suspended in mineral oil (40mg/ml) was given intragastrically to the pregnant rats on day 10 of pregnancy. On the same day, the control rats received an equivalent dose of mineral oil.Morphological examination; Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section under ether anesthesia on day 17 (4 control rats, 16 experimental rats) , day 19 (5 control rats, 36 experimental rats. Including 16 fed on 120mg/kg, 9 on 130mg/kg and 11 on 140mg/kg) , and day 21 (6 control rats, 16 experimental rats) of pregnancy. Of the control group, 97 fetuses of 186 and 91 of 592 of the experimental group were removed, and the ankle angle, determined between the leg and foot longitudinal axes, was measured. The hindlimbs and spinal cord of the control and experimental group were resected, fixed in the formalin solution and paraffin embedded. Serial histologic sections were done in the frontal, sagittal , and transverse plane of foot. All sections were stained with HE and Nissen 's stains of the spinal cord and studied under a light microscope. Meanwhile, the hindlimbs and spinal cord of the two groups were resected immediately in the 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with cacodylate, pH 7.4, and stored in the refrigerator. Subsequent thin sections were cut oriented in the anterior corner of the spinal cord and ankle joint region, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for study with a transmission electron microscope.Apoptosis detection using TUNEL techniques: Specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde/phosphate buffered saline and embedded in paraffin. The slides were then incubated with blocking reagent with 10 min at room temperature , followed by 60 min incubation with avidin - horse - radish peroxidase (1: 50) at 37. Slides were then washed with 0. 01 mol/L phosphate buffered saline for four times, stained with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and then lightly stained with hematoxylin. The negative control had phosphate buffered saline replacing the biotin - dUTP.From February 2001 to December 2002, 48 patients were analyzed with electropysiological examination such as SSEPs.RESULTS; A clubfoot - like deformity was present in 53.7% of the fetuses (33.5% of 17 - day fetuses, 54% of 17 - day fetuses, 73.7% of 17 - day fetuses) in the assay group, however in none of the control group respectively. The extent of clubfoot deformity varied from 17 - day fetuses to 21 - day fetuses, but the most severe deformity was the 21 - day fetuses. Other associated deformities were found out were cranefacial abnormalities, lumbosacral defects. In the assay group, the sole was in an equinus, varus position and the ankle angles were larger significantly than the control group.Histologic study: The control group: The talus and calcaneus were in a different anatomic plane of 17-day. The talus was inward tilt and more dorsal flexion, correspondingly the calcaneus was in the lateral region and a more plantar position than the talus. In the 19 - day group, medial tilt of the... |
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