Study On The Expression Of Adipnectin Levels In Hypertensive Adipose Tissue And Aterial Wall And Effect Of Early Renal Injury

Charter 1Study the serum concentration of Adiponectin and its significance inold patients with hypertension and metabolism syndrome, and therelation of serum adipnectin and uric microprotein.Objective To observe the serum concentration of Adiponectin and its significance in old patients with hypertension and metabolism syndrome, and to study the relation of serum adipnectin and uric microprotein.Methods Blood pressure, weight, height, waistline and BMI(kg/m~2) are measured in Sixty old patients with hypertension, Sixty-two old patients with metabolism syndrome and thirty control health old people. And plasma glucose, plasma lipids, insuline levels, free fatty acid, serum Adiponectin levels, high sensitive C-reactive protein, BUN, Scr and the uric microprotein were tested at the same time.Results In old patients with hypertension and metabolism syndrome,1.1 Serum Adiponectin levels both in old hypertension group and old metabolic syndrome are lower than in healthy control group(P<0.05). But there is no significant difference of serum Adiponectin levels between the two groups.1.2Plasma insulin levels both in old hypertension and old metabolic syndrome group are higher than in healthy control group(P<0.05). But there is no significant difference of plasma insulin levels between the two groups.1.3 BMI and waistline in old hypertension group are higher than in healthy control group (P<0.05). BMI ,weight and waistline in old metabolic syndrome group are higher than in healthy control group (P<0.05). There is no significant difference of BMI between the two groups.1.4 Serum free fatty acid(FFA) , low density lipidprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) , high sensitive C reactive protein and uric microprotein in old hypertension group are higher than in healthy control group (P<0.05). Serum free fatty acid(FFA) , screa(Scr), low density lipidprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and uric microprotein (UA) in old metabolic syndrome group are higher than in healthy control group (P<0.05).Serum LDL-C levels in old hypertension group are lower than in old metabolic syndrome group(P<0.05).Serum FFA levels in old hypertension group are significant higher than in old metabolic syndrome group(P<0.05).1.5 There is no difference of plasma glucose levels between old hypertension group and healthy control group (P>0.05). Plasma glucose levels in old hypertension group are higher than in healthy control group (P<0.05). Plasma glucose levels in old metabolic syndrome group are higher than in old hypertension group (P<0.05).1.6 Serum triglyceride levels in old hypertension group are lower than in metabolic syndrome old group (P<0.05).2.1 The Pearson Correlation of the serum concentration of Adiponectin with systolic blood pressure(SBP),uric microprotein, BMI and waistline is -0.224(P<0.05), -0.230(P<0.05), -0.304(P<0.05).2.2The Pearson correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between the serum concentration of Adiponectin and systolic blood pressure(SBP),uric microprotein, BMI, waistline.2.3Linear regressin shows the serum concentration of Adiponectin negatively crrelates with blood pressure, uric microprotein, BMI , waistline and plasma insulin levels.Conclusion1. Serum Adiponectin concentration decreases in old hypertensive and metabolism syndrome patients.2. Serum Adiponectin concentration decreases in old metabolism syndrome patients.3 . high sensitive C reactive protein is higher in aged hypertensive patients compared to control group,that suggests inflammatory reaction exists in patients with hypertension.4. The fact that Uric microprotein increases in old hypertensive and metabolism syndrome patients indicates the characteristic signs of early renal injury.5 . There is a negative correlation between the levels of adiponectin and systolic blood pressure,microalbuminuria,BMI,waistline.Part 2Expression of Adiponectin protein in aterial wall of abdominal adipose tissue in hypertensive patients and Effects of Fosinopril and Losartan on Adiponectin proteinObjective: To investigate the expression and significance of Adiponectin protein in the aterial wall of abdominal adipose tissue in hypertensive patients, and effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)—Fosinopril (Fos) and angiotensin II receptor block agent (ARB)—Losartan (Los) on Adiponectin protein.Methods1. Five hypertensive patients without long-term antihypertensive treatment who pre-opertation prepared for surgery at our hospital (two for gallbladder operation, three for appendix operation )as hypertensive group; five hypertensive patients who were in selective operation treated with Fosinopril (10 mg/ d) and/or treated with Losartan (50 mg/ d) as Fos±Los group; five non-hypertensive patients (two for gallbladder operation, two for appendix operation, one for subtotal gastrectomy) as the control group; all objects excluded diabetes.2.During the operations, we cuted a piece of abdominal adipose tissues with blood vessels, and triturated these vessels and adipose tissues. Western Blotting were applied to determine the expression of Adiponectin protein.Results1. There are no significant differences among groups in age, weight, waistline, BMI, blood glucose, FFA, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, BUN and Scr(P<0.05);systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive group was higher than those in the other two groups(P< 0.05).2.The expression of Adiponectin protein in aterial wallof abdominal adipose tissue in hypertensive patients decreased compared to control group,3.After treated with Fosinopril (10 mg/kg/d) and/or treated with Losartan (50 mg/kg/d), the increased expression of Adiponectin protein was showed in aterial wall of abdominal adipose tissue in hypertensive patients.ConclusionsIn aterial wall of abdominal adipose tissue in hypertensive patients, the expression of Adiponectin protein decreased. After treated with Fosinopril (10 mg/ d) and/or treated with Losartan (50 mg/ d), the expression of Adiponectin protein is up-regulated, Part 3Expression of Adiponectin Gene in adipose tissures of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat and Effects of Fosinopril and Losartan onAdiponectin GeneObjective To investigate the expression of Adiponectin gene in adipose tissures of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and effects of Fosinopril (Fos) and Losartan (Los) on Adiponectin gene. To explore the regulation of Renin-anginal system to the expression of Adiponectin gene, and the function of Adiponectin gene in hypertensive renal dysfunction.Methods Twenty 22 week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into four groups for each of five: hypertensive (SHR) group , Fos group (treated with Fosinopril for 10 mg/kg/d), Los group (treated with Losartan for 50 mg/kg/d) and Fos+Los group (treated combination both with Fosinopril 10mg/kg/d and Losartan 50mg/kg/d); five 22 week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as the control group.The body weigh, cuff-tail blood pressure , urinary microprotein , urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) serum urea nitrogen (Bun) and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured; Adiponectin protein were detected by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in adipose tissues around renal paraffin section; reversed transcribed polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were applied to determine the expression of Adiponectin mRNA and protein in adipose tissures. Corrective data were analyzed by Pearson's relation analysis.Results1 .At the eighth week(the thirty-week age), systolic blood pressure of rats in SHR group was significantly higher than those in the other four groups(P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference in the WKY group, Fos group ,Los group and Fos+Los group (P>0.05); the levels of urinary microprotein(Upr), urinary NAGase in the WKY group, Fos group ,Los group and Fos+Los group were significantly lower than these in SHR group(P<0.05).2.The typical pathological character of hypertensive renal injure and increased urinary microprotein levels and urinary NAGase were showed in SHR group, after the intervention by treated with Fosinopril and/or Losartan, urinary microprotein and urinary NAGase levels decreased, and the hypertensive renal injury was obviously ameliorated.3. In IHC, positive stains of Adiponectin protein were mainly showed in kytoplasm and aterial wall of adipose tissues. The expression of Adiponectin protein in adipose tissures and aterial wall of adipose tissues in SHR group obviously decreased as compared to WKY group(P <0.05); after the intervention by treated with Fosinopril and/or Losartan, the increased expression of Adiponectin protein was obviously viewed as compared to SHR group(P<0.05).There were no differences among these three groups(P<0.05).4. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the decreased expression of Adiponectin mRNA was obviously showed in SHR group as compared to WKY goup, but a higher Adiponectin mRNA expression was evidently viewed in Los group, Fos group and Fos+Los group as compared to SHR group(P<0.05). There were no differences among these three groups(P< 0.05).Conclusions1. The expression of Adiponectin gene is down-regulated in adipose tissues of SHR;2. After the intervention of Fosinopril and Losartan, up-regulate the Adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissues of SHR;3. The expression of Adiponectin protein in adipose tissures and aterial wall of adipose tissues in SHR group obviously decreased. 4. After the intervention by Fosinopril and Losartan, the increased expression of Adiponectin protein was obviously viewed.5.the levels of urinary microprotein and urinary NAGase obviously increased; After the intervention by Fosinopril and Losartan, the levels of urinary microprotein and urinary NAGase obviously decreased.Conclusion1.Plasma Adiponectin leveals decreased in hypertension and metabolic syndrome patients.2.The increased urinary microprotein levels in hypertension and metabolic syndrome patients, indicated the character of hypertensive renal injure emerged, and there are negative relationship between Adiponectin levels and urinary microprotein.3. The expression of Adiponectin protein in aterial wall of abdominal adipose tissue in hypertensive patients decreased, but after treated with antihypertensive drug Fosinopril and/or Losartan, their blood pressure decreased, and the expression of Adiponectin protein in aterial wall increased.4.Down-regulated expression of Adiponectin protein and gene in adipose tissues of SHR,and increased urinary microproein levels showed the character of renal injury. After treated with ACEI-Fosinopril and/or ARB-Losartan, blood pressure decreased, while the expression of Adiponectin protein and gene were up-regulated, urinary microprotein and urinary NAGase levels decreased and the hypertensive renal injury was somewhat ameliorated...