| The aboveground and underground parts of Baphicacanthus cusia, recommended as the good medicinal herb, were widely used all of the world. Under the condition of the reduction of wild resources of Baphicacanthus cusia, the demand and gap of Baphicacanthus cusia in the market were more expanded in this years, and the more shoddy goods of Baphicacanthus cusia were appeared in the market. Based on the systematic study of Fujian Baphicacanthus cusia morphology, taxonomy, genetic background, survey of wild resources, analysis of the region distribution and so on, the standardized cultivation and medicinal ingredients quality standards were made in this thesis. All of these studies could provide the basis for industrial production and applications of Baphicacanthus cusia. The results were as following:1. The Latin name or Chinese name of Baphicacanthus Root was recorrected based on lots of datas, and the Latin name of this plant would be Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek, and the Chinese name of Banlan was more suitable than that of Malan.2. Based on the field investigation of Fujian Baphicacanthus cusia, the results showed that Baphicacanthus cusia, living in damp environment of elevation of 650 meters below, was widely distributed in Fujian, and crocus stock was less. Because of the ecological and habitat condition in Fujian the variety of Baphicacanthus cusia were different, The type of Baphicacanthus cusia had the relaion to environment. Especially, the leaf size,texture,thickness and entire plant shape have the derect relaion to form of Baphicacanthus cusia. The soil moisture had directly affect on the growth of Baphicacanthus cusia. The model zone of Baphicacanthus cusia was founded in Dayang of Putian city and Shufeng, of Putian city in Fujian provience.3. Through the cytological study of the Baphicacanthus cusia root, stem, transverse cross of leaf, Baphicacanthus cusia root, stem and leaf appearance were full of nonglandular hairs,glandular and glandular scales. the Baphicacanthus cusia feature were described from the results of the cell morphology, and this could help to correct previous description of the majority of the literature"…is usually paires of branches, the young parts and inflorescence were rust-colored, scaly hair..."4,The prganochlorine pesticides residues and medicinal materials safety of Baphicacanthus cusia cultivated in putian base were studied. The results indicated that the residues of organochlorine pesticides lindane, DDT and PCNB of Baphicacanthus cusia cultivated in putian base varied by irrigation water, soil and the herbs, the content of pesticide mentioned above was lower than the national standard. The total content of lindane and PCNB in the medicinal herbs was respectively 50.0%, 4.84% than that of soil, the total content of lindane and PCNB in the medicinal herbs was 36.84%,3.27% than that of irrigation water respectively (the total DDT in the medicinal herbs and soil were not detected). The Baphicacanthus cusia had the weak ability to adsorp total lindane,DDT and PCNB. Therefore, in the GAP implementation process of Baphicacanthus cusia, the low or non-pesticide residue of planting base and irrigation water were needed to reduce the pesticide residue of medicinal materials.According to the study, the enrichment coefficient of heavy metals Pb, As, Hg, Cu, Cd in Baphicacanthus cusia was 0.24,0.03,0.52,0.24,0; respectively, all of the enrichment coefficient was less than 1. These results indicated that the enrichment ability of Baphicacanthus cusia for heavy metal was weaker. The soil and irrigation water which used to cultivate Fujian Baphicacanthus cusia were met the requirements of medicinal materials GAP, thus provided guarantee of drug safety for the Baphicacanthus cusia as medicinal materials.At the same time, the standadization cultivation measures of Baphicacanthus cusia were put forward based on its seedling growing rule according to the ecological conditions of Fujian province in this paper.5. RAPD molecular marker and ISSR molecular marker were used to analyze the genetic background of Baphicacanthus cusia in different areas in Fujian. Cluster analysis by RAPD showed that 15 kinds of fujian Baphicacanthus cusia could be divided into two broad categories under the condition of D=0.4. The first category include Qingyun mountain, Yongtai county, Chibi, Yongtai county, Shanenyuan, Minhou county, Xianyou, Putian city, Bangtou, Putian city, The second category include guizhou transplanting, Zhijinashan, longyan city, Forest park, Fuzhou city, Hexi, Nanjing county, Xinluo, longyan city, Guangtian, zhangping city, Xikou, Xianyou county, Dayang, Putian city, Mangdang mountain, Nanping city.ISSR molecular marker was first used to analyze the genetic background of origin of Baphicacanthus cusia in Fujian. The suitable conditions for ISSR reaction system of Baphicacanthus cusia were established:reaction temperature was 55℃, primer concentration was 0.8mmol/L, DNTR concentration was 0.22mmol/L, TaqDNA template concentration was 1.25 U.15 kinds of Baphicacanthus cusia could be divided into three groups under the condition of D=0.38:the first category include Qingyun mountain, Yongtai county, Chibi, Yongtai county, Shanenyuan, Minhou county, Xianyou cultivation, Putian city, local cultivation, Bangtou, Xianyou county. The second category include forest park, fuzhou city, Hexi nanjing county, guihzhou transplanting, Zhijinashan, longyan city, Dayang, Putian city. The third category include Mangdang mountain, Nanping city, Guantian, Zhangpin city, Xinluo, Longyan city, Xikou, Xianyou county. The classification results of ISSR analysis were basically similar with the results by RAPD analysis. Based on the results of ISSR analysis, the geographical distribution was more clear than that of taxa distribution.6. The HPLC was used to measure the herbal ingredients of Baphicacanthus cusia. The results showed that:With growth of Baphicacanthus cusia leaf and stem, the content of indirubin,indigo and tryptanthrin were varied. The content of indirubin and indigo of Baphicacanthus cusia from septermber to november emerged as high to low, and then rising. The change of the content of tryptanthrin was not stable. The medicinal ingredient of Baphicacanthus cusia (indirubin+indigo +tryptanthrin) was changed with the seasons. The content of indirubin, indigo in november reached the maximum, this is the best time for harvest. The content of tryptanthrin in October reached the maximum, and this is the best time for harvest. Therefore, the best havest periods of Radix isatidis must based on the ingredients we needed. 8. Natural Indigo acted as the experimental materal, HPLC acted as the reference method, the Natural Indigo identified NIR spectral analysis model was first established, and the rapid, non-destructive determination of content of indigo spectral analysis was establishment too. Determination of mobile phase, methanol and water (V:V=7:3) could achieve the best separation. The indigo content could be measured under the 286nm wavelength which indigo absorbsion was the largest; The maps of each sample were quite different under the full band scan patterns under the 3700～7500cm-1 wavelength which was the best scan band for indigo, covering wide range information. The genuine and counterfeit of Baphicacanthus cusia could be identified by the model of Near-infrared Spectra under the wavelength range 7228.3 to 3795.5 cm-1.The qualitative model and quantitative models established by the Near-infrared Spectra could be applied to quickly identify and detect the content of indigo, and this method had no injuries for the medicinal herbs contents, and the results were accurate, reliable, reproducible, stable and operable. |
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