The Research On Nutrition Deficiency And Nutritional Intervention On Body Nutrition, Physical Performance And Cognitive Ability Of Children Of Migrant Workers

Micronutrients insufficiency, especially in iron, zinc, calcium, Vitamin A, VB1 and VB2, is one comman nutrition question in our country which takes occur not only in the poor area and fluid community but also other communities. The nutrient deficiency has many disadvantageous healthy consequences. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of high prevalence nutrient deficiency around world. Iron deficiency and IDA affect aerobic work capacity, daily physical activity, cognitive ability, academic achievement and so on.This article investigated student's dietary nutrients intakes. The results show that dietary nutrients intakes of students have not met requirement of RNI/AI completely. Energy intake is less 90%RNI with the imbalance energy resource for the energy from protein and fat is lower while the energy from carbohydrate is higher. Protein intake is less 80%RNI. Dietary vitamin A intake is lower than 60%RNI being seriously insufficient. Dietary vitamin B1 intake is lower than 80%RNI. Dietary vitamin B2 intake is lower than 60%RNI, being seriously insufficient. Calcium intake is lower than 30%AI, being seriously insufficient. Dietary iron intake for female student's is lower than AI. The dietary iron resource is not balanced for the proportion of heme iron is less than 10%. Dietary zinc intake is lower than 60%RNI, being seriously insufficient. The legumes intake is lower than 50% recommendation quantity; the meat intake is lower than 60% recommendation; the egg intake is somewhat low.Through the weight for height standard, the prevalence of malnutrition of students is serious, being 30.3% (male: 25.7%, female: 37.1%). Student has the high prevalence of anemia being 11.4% (male: 10.1%, female: 13.5%)and iron deficiency being 16.9% (male: 12.2%, female: 24.2%). The difference of iron deficiency prevelance between male and female students is significant ( 2=13.270, P=0.0003). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the main anemia type and approximately 50% anemia male is IDA while 79% anemia female is IDA. The difference of IDA prevelance between male and female students is significant ( 2=5.788, P=0.016). The prevalence of zinc, VA, VB1 and VB2 deficiency is high. Zinc deficiency rate is 34.8% (male: 33.6%, female: 36.8%). VA deficiency rate is 20.9% (male: 21.4%, female: 20.3%). VB1 deficiency rate is 7.4% (male 6.0%, female 9.5%), and marginal deficiency rate is 26.9% (male 25.3%, female 29.3%). VB2 deficiency rate is 8.7% (male 10.4%, female 6.0%), and marginal deficiency rate is 16.8% (male 14.3%, female 20.7%).By 10 months intervention of the multi-nutrients fortified food, malnutrition prevelance is decreased. Moderate malnutrition rate drops to 1.85% (male: 1.12%, female: 3.26%), while mild malnutrition rate drops to 13.65% (male: 10.61%, female: 19.57%). Iron nutritional status is obviously enhanced, for anemia rate drops to 2.5% (male: 2.1%, female: 3.1%), and iron deficiency rate drops to 2.6% (male: 2.2%, female: 3.3%). Zinc, VA, VB1 and VB2 level are obviously enhanced. Zinc deficiency rate drops to 14.1% (male: 14.1%, female: 14.0%). VA deficiency rate drops to 1.5% (male: 1.7%, female: 1.1%), and marginal deficiency rate drops to 6.4% (male: 6.4%, female: 6.5%). VB1 deficiency rate drops to 0.0%, and marginal deficiency rate drops to 4.5% (male: 5.3%, female: 3.1%). VB2 deficiency rate drops to 0.0%, and marginal deficiency rate drops to 7.9% (male: 8.9%, female: 6.2%). The comprehensive food nutrition fortification can obviously enhance the body nutritional status, and decrease the prevalence of nutrients deficiency.IDA impaired the VO2max, VO2max /W and VO2max /FFM. There was no difference on VO2max and VO2max/W for IDNA subjects compared with normal iron status subjects. VO2max/FFM for female IDNA was lower than normal females, however there was no different between IDNA and normal males. The maximual work time for IDA subjects was significantly lower than both IDNA and normal subjects. Aerobic activity and energy expenditure(EE) at leisure in IDA subjects were significantly lower than IDNA and normal subjects. No difference was found in average net HR(ANHR) and EE at work among IDA, IDNA and normal subjects. ANHR at leisure was negative correlated with leisure index(male: r=-0.354, P<0.0157; female: r=-0.20, P<0.19), and positive correlated with leisure index(male: r=0.69, P<0.0001; female: r=0.311, P<0.0377). Aerobic activity time was positive correlated with Hb concentration (male: r=0.49, P<0.001; female: r=0.60, P<0.0001). Aerobic ability increased significantly in IDA subjects after iron supplementation. VO2max/FFM responsed to iron supplementation which indicated iron deficiency without anemia impaired aerobic capacity. ANHR increased by 8.54 (male) and 6.88 (female) beats/min and aerobic activity time increased by 5.31 minutes (male) and 5.08 minutes (female) in iron-deficient group at leisure. The strength and time of aerobic activity increased significantly for IDA subjects after iron supplementation.Iron deficient with or without anemia subjects had lower scores in basic cognitive test, and attention test of adolesence. IDNA impaired the short memory, while IDA impaired reaction speed, working memory, and efficiency of complex cognitive processing. The stage of iron deficiency had different effect on four aspect of attention ability. The score of total attention ability in IDNA or IDA was lower than normal subjects. Iron supplement by EDTA iron fortified sause result in an improvement in cognitive performance for IDA or IDNA subjects. However, the working memory in IDA could not be completely compensated by iron supplementation. Iron supplement by EDTA iron fortified sause resulted in an improvement in attention performance for IDA and IDNA subjects. The scores of total attention score and attention stability in IDA subjects were still lower after iron supplement. IQ in IDA was significantly lower than normal subjects which could not be normalized by iron supplementation. The Z-score of Chinese language and mathematic were lower for IDA and IDNA subjects compared with normal iron status subjects (P<0.01). Diffecrence in Chinese language and mathematic disappeared after iron supplyment. There were not difference in foreign language and social science before and after intervention.