| The Sui people reside mostly in the Sandu Sui Autonomous County in Qiannan Bouyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou province. Besides, a small portion of Sui people live in Duyun, Libo, Dushan Rongjiang and Leishan Counties in Guizhou Province,Fuyuan counties in Yunnan province and Nandan counties and Yizhou city, Guangxi. Some Sui people live in Vietnam, and they still speak the Sui language. The population of Sui is 400,000, and most of them are Sui speakers in daily life. The language is internally quite consistent, but it can still be divided into 3 mutually intelligible varieties at the level of subdialects. The 3 subdialects are Sandong, Yang'an, Pandong and people can understand each other among 3 subdialects. This dissertation. The Description of Sui Language, is a study on Miaocao Sui language, and also contains other investigation varieties.This dissertation mainly studies the Sui language and the theoretical grounds are descriptive linguistics. The main method is description of the language and we also use some methods of functional grammar and reference grammar, and the study includes phonetic system, vocabulary, grammar, dialects, character system and genetic study with other language. The dissertation includes 8 parts.Chapterâ… :the overview of the Sui:introduces the Sui of basic information, and this chapter describes the history and reality of Sui, including the Sui's distribution, demography, history, and living customs.Chapterâ…¡:The review of Sui language study and the methodology:the dissertation reviews the previous study of the Sui language. At the same time, in this chapter we explain the theoretical basis of language papers, namely, descriptive linguistics. In addition, this section also describes the layout of this paper, that the contents and features of the subsequent chapters.Chapterâ…¢:phonetic system of the Sui language:the dissertation provides the the phonetic system of Miaocao Sui languge,and mainly describe phonemic system, phoneme distribution, cases word, syllable structure, combined rule of syllable.Miaocao Sui language has 70 syllable onsets, among them 42 are normal onsets, and 20 are palatalized onsets and 8 are labialized onsets. The places of articulation includes bilabial, alveolar, palatal, velar, uvula, and glottal sounds. The manner of articulation includes plosive, nasal, fricative, approximant, and lateral approximant. Nasals distinguish voiced from voiceless sets, and there is a set of uvular syllable onsets. There are 59 syllable rhymes. Miaocao Sui language has 12 tones:6 tones occur in unchecked syllables and 4 tones appear in checked syllables, one tone occurs in loan words and there is one light tone. The dissertation shows each initial and coda number from more than 1000 words, that is, the distribution of initials and finals. We do some phonetic experiment on voiceless nasals and voiced nasals, and we provide some experimental result on tones. The dissertation also lists all the combined rule of the initials, finals and tones of Miaocao Sui language and the pronunciation of Chinese character of Sui people.Chapterâ…£:Sui vocabulary system. We mainly describe the Sui vocabulary system in this chapter. Include:(1) the semantic classification of the Sui glossary:astronomy, geography classes; human and animal organs class; people (including occupational) and kinship title; animals appellation; plants title; food-related vocabulary; architectural vocabulary; supplies and tools vocabulary; terminology of agricultural production activities; culture, religion, education, entertainment vocabulary; words of location and time; numeral-classifiers; pronouns, demonstrative words, question words; vocabulary of properties and state of nature; vocabulary of behavior and movement; functional words, etc.(2) The word formation and etymology, including word formation and vocabulary sources. Sui vocabulary can be divided into single morpheme word and compound words. At the same time from the source of the words we can divide the vocabulary:original words and loanwords. Loanwords are mostly from Southwestern Mardarin. Monosyllabic words dominate in lexicon; polysyllabic monomorphemic words are relatively rare.The main type of word formation is compounding, and derivation through affixation is seldom seen.(3) Basic semantic relations between Sui words can be divided into synonymous, antonym, antisense relationships.(4) Morpheme list of the Sui language:we list most of the morpheme of the Sui language from 1600 entries.Chapter IV:Sui grammar:We describes grammatical system of the Sui language in this chapter, including parts of speech, word structure, grammatical features and grammatical functions and we also describe the sentence type, including declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory. Words of the Sui language can be divided into thirteen categories:nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, classifiers, pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary, onomatopoeia, interjections, and modal particles. In this chapter we describe all parts of speech, including structure analysis and grammatical function, of word classes, and lists all the basic verbs and adjectives, and most of state adjectives. And we analyse phrases and sentence types.Chapterâ…¥:Dialects of the Sui language.The Sui language can still be divided into 3 subdialects.(1) Sandong subdialect:including Sandong, Tingpai, Miaocao, Shuilong, Zhonghe, Dujiang, Jiarong, Hengfeng, Zhouqin, Jiuqian, Tangzhou, Antang, Hejiang in Sandu Sui Autonomous County, Benzhai, Tianxing in Dushan County, Shuiqing and Yaoqing in Libo County, and Rongjiang County.(2)Yang'an subdialect:including Yang'an, Yangluo in Sandu County and Dongmiao in Dushan County.(3)Pandong subdialect:including Taotou(Pandong,Jichang,Wangsi) and Wengtai in Dushan.We compare Miaocao Sui language with Sandong Sui language in term of 1000 words, and we find the similarity and difference, and find some difference in phonetic system, vocabulary and grammar. At same time we compare the Yangluo with Sandong based on 1000 words and we provide difference from many facets including phonetic system, vocabulary and grammar. Pandong subdialect has been described in this chapter.Chapterâ…¦:The relationship of the Sui with other languages:in this chapter we discuss the relationship between the Sui and other Kam-Tai languages, and we mainly intrudue the Kam-Sui languages. We also show the basic relationship between Sui and the other languages.Chapterâ…§:the charater of Sui and Sui's book:Sui's books are introduced in this chapter and we discuss the semantic classification and the pronunciation of the Sui charaters.Appendix:Text example story which called why we have Duan festival and glossary of Miaocao, Sandong, Shuiqing and English is translation. |
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