Study Of Mencius Academic History To Pre-Qin And Han Dynasties

This article is study of Mencius academic history to Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, including seven chapters.The first chapter is the basis and the total of six chapters back. Two trends of development are important to Pre-Qin Zhuzi academic (诸子学), which are important background of Mencius academic. First, from valueing Li (礼) and Yue(乐)to slighting them, the second is from the Official academic to the private academic.The former is closely related with politics, the latter is closely linked with academic. To the Han dynasty, the change of domination strategy lead to the Situation of Confucianism domination, followed by the thriving of Jingxue(经学)At the same time, Mencius academic was starting and developing.The second chapter inspectes the views of Mencius academic of Wuxing'(《五行) interpreter. Simeng School had its value and status. Simeng School had a Overall adaptation of Wuxing'(《五行》)Scripture under Mencius'influence,and inherited and Developed Mencius'views about the relationship of Heaven and Man, physical and mental, and view of Renyi(仁义). Wuxing'(《五行》) interpreter developed Mencius'gas theory and resolved the expansion of Renqi(仁气),Yiqi(义气),Liqi (礼气)Chapter III analyzes Xunzi'(荀子)inheritance and innovation to Mencius'ideas in the five aspects.First, Xunzi(荀子)altering Mencius'idea about relationship between heaven and man; Second, criticizing of Mencius' view of human nature; Third, altering Mencius' view about how to Saint; Fourth, expanding view of Mencius' Wangdao (王道); Fifth, inheriting Mencius'view of Yili (义利)and demise. Although Xunzi (苟子)inherited Confucius'thought mainly,and absorped the ideas of Legalism, Mohist, and Taoism, he was affected by Mencius'thought mainly. It can be said, Xunzi'(荀子)theory is constructed on the basis of criticism of Mencius.The fourth chapter analyzes the view of Hanfeizi(韩非子)and Lv Shi Chun Qiu (《吕氏春秋》)about Mencius'thought. Hanfeizi(韩非子)was of the greatest Legalism scholars, and Specialized in law and spell. He criticized Mencius' view of Renyi(仁义),Yili(义利),Minxin(民心),and human nature,and seted forth his views by the way of obverse. Lv Shi Chun Qiu (《吕氏春秋》) did not directly talk about Mencius,but it confirmed implicitly Mencius'view of human nature and Renzheng(仁政)It shows the new trend of politics in the late Zhanguo(战国)under the trend of unity.The fifth chapter combes the new features of Mencius academic in Zhuzi academic(诸子学)of the Han Dynasty by order of time. Lujia (陆贾)Inherited Xunzi'(荀子)thought mainly, but he draws on Mencius' view of history and Renyi (仁义) that was fused with Huanglao (黄老)thought. On the basis of grasping accurately the political and academic trend, Jiayi(贾谊)absorbed Mencius'view of attaching importance to the people, of human nature and Wuxing(五行)In order to adapt to political needs, Dongzhongshu(董仲舒)reformed the traditional Confucianism, and advanced Mencius'related thoughts. He absorbed Mencius'view of Chunqiu (春秋),of Shangtang(商汤)and Zhouwuwang (周武王)uprising, and Yili (义利),that was adapted to unity and dictatorship. He transformed Mencius'view of human nature in order to adap to Wangdao(王道)and education. At the meeting about Salt and Iron, there is a explosive controversy about Mencius' view of Renzheng (仁政),Yili(义利),attaching importance to the people and human nature,between Xianliang(贤良),Wenxue (文学)and Yushi,(御史)Dafu(大夫),that is essentially debate between Renyi(仁义)and force. From different angles,Yangxiong (扬雄)confirmed Mencius' viewpoint, while Wangchong(王充)was both critics and glorification.The sixth chapter focuses on Simaqian (司马迁)and Bangu(班固)Simaqian(司马迁)is first person for Mencius to write the biography. He confirmed Mencius' view of Yili(义利)form the point of history, and believed that Mencius was the real successor of Confucius. As the upright Confucian figure and worshiper of view of heaven and man communicating, Bangu (班固)believed the direct mentoring relationship between Mencius and Zisi (子思),he absorbed Mencius' view of heaven granting monarch the power, and denied Simaqian'(司马迁) idea that Mencius' theory was far removed from reality.The seventh chapter analyzes Mencius academic in the Jingxue (经学)field of Han Dynasty.Mengzi(《孟子》)was once Zhuanjiboshi(传记博十),it had a few effect on Jingxue(经学).Hanying(韩婴)Inherited Xunzi'(苟子)thought mainly,but he succeeded Mencius' View of relationship between monarch and minister,of saint and human nature,he was dissatisfied with the Xunzi'(荀子)criticism to Mencius,and Deleted Mencius' name in twelve man that was criticized.During the Donghan(东汉) Dynasty,there are a few people to comment Mengzi(《孟子》)such as Chengzeng(程曾),Zhengxuan(郑玄),Gaoyou(高诱),Liuxi(刘熙),Zhaoqi(赵岐).Zhaoqi(赵岐)had Mencius' spirit of Dazhangfu(大丈夫),on the basis of total affirmation to Mencius,he had proper appraisal to Mencius' view of Destiny,human nature,Renyi (仁义),Yili(义利),history and altaching importance to the people.Mencius Note meaned the beginning to Conscientiously study Mencius academic.