| "the history of anti-calamity deal is also called the history of anti-calamity,or the history of anti-calamity policy history,"Mr.Deng Yunte considered that: anti-calamity and anti-calamity deal are the same concept.And if you want to grasp its spirit, firstly you must make clear that what is calamity. "Calamity.is material life damages resualting from that natural condition is out of the human`s control and basing on the malajustment between human and his society"."Anti-calamity means all the activities in order to prevent or relieve the damages caused by the malajustment". we considered that anti-calamity includes two contents ,that is to prevent and to relieve the damages of the calamity. In Zhou dynasty, anti-calamity had gone through three development stages: Xizhou dynasty ,spring and autumn period ,and the warring states period,than it formed the basic system of the anti-calamity in Pre-qin era.This system include the corresponding theory, decrees and practice. Anti-calamity in Zhou dynasty,is not only an important part in the research of xianqin history, but is a program that lacks of systematic research.Discussing the tracks of changes in every period could help us to deepen the thoughts and knowledges about society and economy structure ,even its form and nature.Thus on one side, we could widen the research scope and field The major task of the research is to reveal its corresponding generality and particularity in each historical stage in Xianqin era, to reveal the basic content of the anti-calamity ,to elaborate its special role it played in political and economy life,to explore its development`s historical law,in order to give people some hints,I would like to make much effort to do the research ,perhaps it will be beneficial to the study of Pre-qin history. The water-control leaded by DaYu inYaoSun Period is the origin of anti-calamity in Zhou dynasty.According to the inscriptions on bones in Shang dynasty,we can realize the basic kinds of the natural calamity in later generations,and the understanding about the reason of the calamity and the corresponding preventing measures people took in Shang dynasty.Through the study,we could conclude that before the appearance of anti-calamity,people made struggle with natural disasters and calamity out of survival needs,such as the water-control leaded by DaYu,but in most case,people did anti-calamity deal or try to avoid the disaster and calamity with witchcrafts,such as preying for rain in Shang dynasty. In Xizhou era, the theory of anti-calamity formed,which based on the thoughts that rulers respect and fear the nature and god,and they try to protect the people ruled by them. Anti-calamity was listed as the most important task in their government affairs. Anti-calamity in Zhou dynasty.was mainly to relieve the damage of the disasters and calamity,but it concerned with all the state affairs in all the aspects.All these showed that the ruler pay much more attention to anti-calamity.And doing anti-calamity deal in Zhou dynasty with manpower showed that the human`s ability is making great improvement in struggling with nature disasters and calamity . In spring and autumn period ,the theory of anti-calamity was carried out widely and vigorously,in which rulers mainly provide disaster and calamity relief In this period, the thought and measures taking to fight against natural calamities or disaters have also appeared. In warring states period, anti-calamity have made leap improvement. Centralizing ,it`s main embodiment is taking precautions against natural calamities ,which not only showed that human`s ability had made huge development but show that the struggle between human and natural calamity has entered a new development stage. Anti-calamity in Zhou dynasty not only had possessed an important position in chinese ancient anti-calamity history,but have huge influence on the following generations. The anti-calamity origin is from the military democratic period in primitive society.From Huangdi period to Xia dynasty ,to Shang dy...
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