| In resent years, the study on personality structure of children was extremely noticed by researchers of western countries. Though the study of adults' personality structure was relatively mature, that of children's personality structure was still weak. Although some studies of which were published, on account of the difference in the culture, the studies on Chinese children personality structure should not be same as those of the western countries. Furthermore, for all kinds of reasons, the consequences of western studies were different in some aspects. So, the research on Chinese children personality structure and the development of personality instrument must be carried on the base of entire Chinese culture. This study was going to try in this way.In China, except for several applied studies by using directly western instruments or dividing types according to theories, the basic research on the personality types of children was blank. The study was also going to try in this field.Furthermore, the general characteristics of personality development were studied in the research.Children were divided into preschool children aged 3-6 and pupils aged 7-12 according to the differences of environments and dominant activities. The personality structures, personality types, and developmental characteristics were explored. Concretely, eight researches were carried as follows:Study 1 and 2: By means of Natural Language, open-ended survey was made in large range of China. The questionnaires were coded, gathered, and classified by using the method of qualitative research. And then, the concrete personality behaviors, the personality characteristics of young children and pupils were described fully and intuitionally. And so, personality traits were found out. The two studies provided foundation for the subsequently qualitative researches.Study 3 and 4: According to the consequence of the open questionnaires, Chinese and western personality theories, a questionnaire of personality of Chinese preschool children and a questionnaire of personality of Chinese pupils were made distinguished in the two studies. By item analysis, explorative factor analysis andconfirmative factor analysis, the Chinese preschool children's personality structure of teachers' rating and the Chinese pupils' personality structure of teachers' rating were established, which both included the same four dimensions and the approximately identical eleven traits. And then, the personality scale of children aged 3-6 and the one aged 7-12 were developedStudy 5 and 6: On the base of studies on the personality structures of preschool children and pupils, the personality types of which were acquired distinguishedly by using Cluster Analysis.Study 7 and 8: The personality developmental characteristics of preschool children and pupils were explored by data analysis.The conclusions were arrived at as follows:1 .After two qualitative researches, about preschool children personality, 26 traits, such as intellect, were acquired, which belonged to six categorizations: Self-consciousness, Intellect, Willpower, Positive emotionality/ Emotional Stability, Prosocial Behavior, and activity. 24 traits were attained from personality of pupils, and which belonged to the same six categorizations.2.This study suggested, the Chinese preschool children's personality structure based on teachers' rating included four dimensions, namely Intellect, Conscientiousness/Self-control, Positive emotionality/Emotional Stability, and Prosocial Behavior, and eleven traits. Intellect was composed of two traits: Intellective, and Independent/enterprising. Conscientiousness/Self-control encompassed three traits: Conscientiousness, Aggressive/Resistant, Perseverant/ continent. Positive emotionality/Emotional Stability consisted of three traits: Optimistic/active, Sensitive/Anxious, and Impatient/Stubborn. And the fourth dimension, Prosocial Behavior, included also three traits: Ashamed/Guilt-ridden, Sympathetic/Altruistic, and Gregarious. On the other hand, the Chinese pupils' person...
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