Tang And Song Dynasties Poor Scholars Study

The candidates who failed in the imperial exams were the outcome of the carry-outoftheexamination system itself, they were a group who were ousted in the imperial exams. Thegroup began take its shape and develop in Tang and Song Dynasties. The dissertation aims to make the study under the historical background of the era, and the living and growing status of the group as the main contents, to make a all-rounded research. The dissertation consists of the preface, the body and the conclusion. In the preface, the author analyzes the total power of the candidates who failed in theimperial exams by some numerical data and descriptive language, outlining the roughthread of the formation, development of the group, in order to make a further study into thetheme. The author introduces the up-to-date research conditions, the significance and therelevant issues. The body consists of four chapters: The 1st chapter deals with the political life of the group , mainly discussing the relationbetween the group and the government. The author believes that the relation could bedivided into 3 types: the first one was active cooperation by joining the bureaucracy; thesecond one was being neutral by living in seclusion; the third one was to rebel by resistingthe contemporary government. All the three above reveals the panorama of the group'spolitical life, concluding the difference amongst the individuals'political life in the groupand pointing out the tendency. The 2nd chapter deals with the economical life of the group, manly describing the stateand status of the group's economical life. The author begins with the means by which thegroup were making a living and getting their incomes, analyzing the economic resourcesand their differences of economic level, finally concluded that their economy had beengoing down and some of them were desperately poor during Tang and Song Dynasties. The 3rd chapter deals with the cultural life of the group. The author deals with thecultural function of the group in terms of the propagation, development and reservation ofculture. The author argues that the cultural function of the candidates who failed in theimperial exams were almost the same in Tang and Song Dynasties, but they each had aparticular emphasis and striking features of the times. The 4th chapter deals with the social life of the group. The author deals mainly with thesocial communication, function and their daily life. The author believes the imperial examswere exerting great impact upon the social life of the candidates who failed in the exams inboth social communication and daily life. Failure of the imperial exams made their sociallevel lower and lower, making them from suspending in the upper level down to thebottom of lower level, and they were obliged to find a suitable position in the local affairs,where they formed a new social contingent which can not be ignored in the primary sociallevel. The conclusion synthesizes the main threads of the dissertation, covering the wholechanges of the group of candidates who failed in the imperial exams and pointing out itstendency.