The Chinese Translation Of Nirvanasutra And The Study Of Nirvana Belief

Nirvanasutra in Buddhism usually refers to Maha-parinivirnasutra. . It is the first important scripture of the five most important scriptures (Mahaprajnaparamita-sutra, Maharatnakuta-sutra,Mahavaipulyamahasannipata-sutra,Buddhavatamsakamahavaipulya-su tra and Mahaparinirvana-sutra). It is the most valuable and respectable sutra as well."Niepan" is the Sanskrit transliteration of Nirvana, it was once translated into "Niri" or "Nihuan" in Chinese,it means death or perfect rest( parinirvana). There is another word in Sanskrit "Parinirvana", which was translated into "Banniepan" in Chinese , it has the meaning of integrality and satisfactory death, and anityata in Sanskrit, In fact, the first Chinese translation of nirvana means the parinirvana(death) of Siddhartha Gautama, it was called "Fonihuan" or "Fobannihuan" in Chinese.According to The Translation of Tri-pitaka, which was written by Liang Sengyou in the South Dynasty that there were seven translators had translated Parinivana-sutra. They are Zhiloujiachen, Zhi Qian, Zhu Fahu, Tan Wuchen, Shi Zhimeng, Qiunapotolo and Fa Xian.Now six versions have been left.It was at the end of the Hang Dynasty that Buddhism came to be spread in China. Then some masterly Buddhists came into China to translate and propagate Buddhism, and they were greatly helped by the Chinese gentry. But at the beginning of translation, the foreign Buddhists were not very familiar with Chinese, and the assistant translators didn't understand Sanskrit. In addition, years passed, so there are some differences and demerits among the versions early or late.From China's reform and opening—up, the study of Buddhism is just unfolding. The most popular focus of the study is on Buddhist history, BuddhistSects and Chan Zen Sect. My study bases on the academic research of lots of distinguished scholars. I'm trying to make a thorough inquiry into the process that how 9fnvana~sutm was translated into Chinese and how the Buddhism believers believe in nirvana. My study based on the clues of Mrvana-sutra translated by seven translators collected in The translation of Tri-pita^a. (You Lu in Chinese). I have tried my best to give each Chinese version of Mrvana-sutra a thorough introduction and discussion after consulting the scriptures, historical records and the chronicles all through the ages.After my proofreading, I found that the Mrwna-sutra translated by Zhi Qian and Zhi Chen are different The oldest Chinese translation scripture of Buddhism is The Sutra 'When Siddhartha gautama facing the (Death ( To (Ban Me (Pan in Chinese) translated by Bai Fazu. This scripture tells the nirvana of Buddhism originator, Siddhartha Gautama. It is actually a sutra which states how Buddha faced to death and get eternal life. When the successors states Buddha's nirvana they usually quoted the Mahaprajnapanamitasastru which was translated by Kumarajiva , it is actually far later than The Sutra 'When Siddhartha gautama 'Facing the (Death (