The Foundational Coordinated And Studied Of The Characters Were Collected In Shang Dynasty

This thesis is on the basis of a large number of written historical materials of Shang dynasty at present, through arrange to between division of history into periods and last its table investigate, unite finding form body to be clear and having classify, divisional groups and periodical shapes of characters of Shang dynasty of different characters carrier of characteristic, then trying to compile a task :The Characters were Collected In Shang Dynasty (" collect " to be abbreviate) which have the property of division of history into periods, furthermore which is also be comprehensive and systemically put in order and study. The tasks of coordinate as follows:First, source of the materials' utilizing. The characters were not only abundant in content in Shang dynasty, but also lay in the diversification of the characters carrier, it can be divided into three kinds: inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells , inscription on ancient bronze objects and malachite of inscription on pottery, the main one is the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells. According to the record, the characters in Shang dynasty should also be written in bamboo at the inscribed wooden slip named "allusion quotations volume", but has not found yet. The utilizing of the written historical materials of Shang dynasty now, not only paying attention to the representative traditional materials, but also giving consideration to the new and unearthed written historical materials. The mainly source of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells materials in Shang Dynasty is He Ji, Xiao Tun , Hua Dong , and also contain the newly unearthed materials of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells in Da Xin Zhuang,Jinan. The source of Jin Wen in Shang Dynasty is mainly from The assembles of Yin and Zhou Dynasty's Jin Wen and The nearly publications of assembling Jin Wen in Shang and Zhou Dynasty, the characters source on the pottery , jade article and stone implement of Shang dynasty is except collecting " inscription on pottery of Shang dynasty " in The ancient inscription on pottery was collected, and collected inscription on pottery which is unearthed in Xiaoshuangqiao, Zhengzhou and Yin Dynasty ruins unearthed the data of Yu Zhang Zhu Book characters that excavate recently also.Second, inputting the shapes. For keeping Shang dynasty characters' original appearance, this "collect" didn't use the traditional artificial way to imitate the characters' shapes, but adopt computer scanning drawing board, then clear up achievement textual research and explain shape to test according to characters, shear the shapes with the computer, mark such information as source title, a slice of number, etc. under every shape. Can not merely keep the word original appearance of the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells to do it in this way, have a taste of the style and verve of the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, and the one can prevent the inconvenient shortcoming of processing modification editting, adjusting, etc. in the past when the traditional way was used to clip, paste and copy.Third, words head and special-shaped words' putting in order. Word head is the independent characters shapes, we enumerate out every characters symbol which can record the function of the language and be used independently. Then arrange according to certain classification and order, and offer it a serial number. Characters word-heads of Shang Dynasty should include inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells , inscription on ancient bronze objects , inscription on pottery , malachite, etc. which reflected the independent characters physique, this task put 3912 of Shang dynasty's word-heads in order altogether. Among them, it absorbs the new research results and confirms 3550 word-heads on the basis of existing Oracle's shape summary table, 75 Hua Dong 's new shape, 277 inscription on ancient bronze objects new shape, 7inscription on pottery new shape, inscription on bowlder. In addition, Put 295 He Wen in order. Special-shaped words are only some characters whose shapes are changed by varying the way they are written, instead of some structure change as "adding" , "omitting", etc. For need the code searching, this task propose "special-shaped word ", one is such as a large amount of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells' Fanshu phenomenon, this is different from variant form of a Chinese character, but the former is included in the latter.Fourth, arraying the shapes with the Zhenren groups. The classification and division of history into periods of the Buci in Shang Dynasty's ruins for the research field, not only a task which systemically put the basic material work in order, but also a basic way which can probe into and studying oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty thoroughly. "According to period distinction" puts forward to see Mr. Dong's ten standards and five period distinction methods of the division of history into periods in 30's in 20 centuries. Mr. Chen brought forward the concept: "Divide into groups ". He transformed the five period distinctions and advanced "dividing three stages for the first time then subdivide new phased law of nine". He begin to try to distinguish the Buci of the Shang Dynasty with the Zhenren group at the same time.Mr. Li published a article in 1957 which commented Mr. Chen's Yin ruins oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty survey, and pointed out classification and division of history into periods of oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty were two different steps, should divide the oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty into several kinds according to the script shape, font, etc., then judge all kinds of affiliated eras respectively. The same king may not only have one kind of oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty generation, the same kind of oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty doesn't always belong to one generation. His "Two kinds of ancestral theories" (unearthed oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty in Xiao Wang Tun, which ancestor is not one but two: the village's north and the village's middle and the south) is our classifying guide."Two kinds of ancestral theories" advance the period-distinguishing theory greatly in the theoretic since Mr. Dong. In practice, it contributes to according to the standard classified the oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty of Yin Dynasty ruins recorded at present (whether script and Zhenren mainly), and division of history into periods standard (stratum relation and inherent relation of oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty mainly)stand up to unite organic, promote and classify the reality that the exploration achievement with division of history into periods presses close to the culture of Yin Dynasty ruins further. This "collect" classify with division of history into periodsstudying according to Yin Dynasty ruins oracle inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty latest achievement divide the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells shape into groups: Shi Group, Bin Group, Chu Group, He Group, Li Group, Wuming Group, Huang Group, Wu Group, Zi Group, Feiwangwuming Group, etc. 10 group, join them together with " group ".Research work is as follows mainly: How to utilize the existing achievement science to compile "collecting" , and do our utmost to reach the ideal goal of reference book that is "the data must be complete, the explain must be accurate, the use must be convenient". It is also the thesis overall important task of research to use, systemically put characters in order to utilize modern computer technology fully among the course Shang dynasty for this reason, exploring and creating obtaining more on the method, this reflects on the ancient writing code mainly. I rearrange the structure of a group of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells again according to the word topography characteristic, then propose the ancient writing code motivation of" linear structure ", namely set out from forming the most basic element "line" of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, make up the special relation by line and line, this kind of relation has "built and constructed" the structure of the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, embodied in independence lines , touching lines, crossing lines, getting symmetrical lines four distinct linear structure characteristic. This thesis has made a detailed technological scheme of ancient writing code.This scheme only use keyboard 10 numerical key for ancient writing yard of code, and make the code order which is on the basis of pen order of modern Chinese characters as follows: up to down, left to right, both sides follows interspace, inside follows outside, chase the part as arranged , symmetrical and unanimous , the chief editor have priority. Then add one more set of feasible code rules which allows the follow principle: six strokes, basic regular principle of the radical, turn heavy to easy. It can search the ancient writing conveniently and swiftly. This code scheme has played an important role during the process of putting in order and studying the characters of Shang Dynasty.