Sino-tibetan Language Passive In

The passive construction is a type of independent syntactic construction in the Sino-Tibetan language family. It's emergence and development is related not only to the characteristics of clause structure, but also to the conditioning of the grammaticalization of notional words and the using of auxiliaries. Recognizing the characteristics of the passive construction in the Sino-Tibetan languages would deepen our understanding of the clause types, syntactic structures and evolution of functional words of the Sino-Tibetan languages.The passive construction either in Mandarin Chinese or in some non-Mandarin Chinese languages was occasionally studied, but no study concerning it has ever been undertaken from the perspective of linguistic comparison within the entire family. Even the study of Mandarin Chinese passive construction has always been placed within the frame of Indo-European linguistics. Consequently, the peculiar characteristics of Mandarin Chinese passive construction have not yet been uncovered. In addition, unlike English, Mandarin Chinese passive construction lacks explicit morphological marking, causing its analysis more problematic. Its definition, classification and characterization have all the time been a source for linguistic controversy. In contrast, the study of the passive construction in non-Mandarin Chinese languages is even more...