Separation Of Economics From Moral Philosophy And Its Returning To Ethics

"The Theory Moral Sentiments"and"The wealth of Nations"put forward by Smith Adam construct the ideological system of Smith's Ethics-Economics. Smith's system has a profundity cultural background and academic origin. Smith's system is the thoughts and doctrine which is a full utilization, synthesis and induction of multitudinous thinkers, and the compositive ideological system of Ethics-Economics absorbing the true spirit of there thoughts and doctrines and integrating them into a whole.The relationship Between Smith's thoughts of ethics thoughts of economics has been a hot and controversial issue in academic circles.The so-called Smith problem put forward in the middle of the 19th century is a misinterpretation of Smith's ethics and economics ideological system. By using the"Mutual Benefit"exchange principle, Smith unites the egoism with the altruism, which is dichotomy of human nature discussed in"The Theory Moral Sentiments"and"The wealth of Nations".The Economic liberalism and his policy of freedom are the greatest contribution that Smith's system makes to the market econmic system and economic theory ."The wealth of Nations"is a classical work of the economic liberalism.The economic liberalism under the guidance and control of Smith's egoism and his"invisible hand"is a basic idea which runs through the whole system of Smith's theory."The Economic person"and"the Invisble Hand"are the biggest ideas whichs have exercised the greatest influence on the later generation."The Economic person"is an abstraction of the conduct of"The New Person"in the townspeople of Smith's time. This ideas has both the historical and realistic,and both logical and practical reasonableness and limitation of value."The Invisble Hand"is the famous"Unknown Power",which manipulates man's conduct,as pointed out in"The Theory Moral Sentiments"and"The wealth of Nations".It is mostly expownded from the meaning of economics as the economic law, value law,and competition law which manipulates the market. Actually"The Invisble Hand"is"The natural order",a spontaneous manipulating power which includes man's economic behaviour and man's moral behaviour.After Smith has constructed the whole theoretical system, the western economics theory has gradually become an independent branch of science. The classical economics, which still inherits the tradition of the relation between smith's synthetic economy and ethics, makes the economic analysis and the moral analysis complementary to each other. The ethics theory and method of theory of humanism and value judgement are still the basic theory and method of economics which studies men's economists study man's economic behaviour under the certain ethical framework, in spite of this,they regard the relation and method of ethics as the presuppose hypothesis and means.Thus ethics and economics are separated from each other.From the beginning of"Boundary Revolution",economics has lost bit by bit the contents of the philosophical ideas of ethics. The tendency of the positivism andthe purification of economics has occupied the leading position. The idea of ethics has gradually got out of the vision of the positivism economists'study. In the beginning of the 20th century, the difference and the separation between econmics and ethics have further come into being.Ethics is after all the origin of economics. In the time when the positivist's way of economics develops, normative analysis is still an important way of economics.Marshal's economics, Keynes'economics, and the leading and non_leading economics of Keynesism all concern the ethics problems of economics. Bell thinks that the western economics theory after the 1930's is a kind of theory of economic ethics in itself.But it is in the 1930's that the standard or ethical way of economics is criticised. There is an increasingly serious tendency to be opposed to ethics.The modern economics has greatly perfected the scientific way of positivism or realized the mathematization.In the meantime, it has rejected the evaluation and concern of those more basic targets beyond the human wealth. Thus, modern economics manifests the unnatural features of the freedom from ethics in the way of distemperedness shrewdness and reality.As the differences between modern economics and ethics have increasingly been deepening, there has appeared the increasingly deepening, there has appeared the increasingly serious poverty in modern economics. The loss resulting from the constantly deepening differences between economics and ethics has two sides.The separation of economics from ethics is also something unfortunate to ethics.After the 1960's,as the limitation of the government's intervention has more and more appeared, the superiority of"On the Demand Management Economy"has gradually disappeared. The requirement for returning to the tradition of the compositive ethics_economics of Adam Smith's classical economics has become stronger and stronger.After the 1960's, although the western market economics theory has constantly been changing, the basic tendency and the main trend are as follows:more and more consideration is given to the ethics problem in the economic theory and economic policy.By using social moral norm, social psychology,and cultural factors, the contemporary western economics explains many important economic problems in the contemporary society. The tread has already appeared. The economics ethics has become the world_wide noticeable scholarship.The scholarly prosperity like Weber's"Protestantism ethics",Bell's"Capitalist cultural contradiction"and Rolls'"fair justice"supports the tendency of the returuing of ethics from the angle of social philosophy and political philosophy.It is necessary to surmount Smith's thought system ,realize the ecological transformation of values, inherit and carry on the advantages of man's civilization, overcome the limitation of modernity, and construct the new ecological civilization of the whole coordinate development of economy, society and man.