The Study Of Feminine Body Idea From The Late-Qing Dynasty To The "May 4th Movement" Period

This dissertation studies the Feminist Body Idea through pondering contemporary Chinese Feminist Literature Criticism. About this criticism, how to cast off the interference of Essentialism to realize the transform of nativization and China turns, and how to participate in the literature criticism in the 21st century on the open attitude, although this dissertation don't give the finally answers about above two questions, it still hopes to provide a kind of research model for the Chinese Feminist Literature Criticism and solve these two questions.The aim of investigating the Feminist Body Idea's change from the Late-Qing Dynasty to the "May 4th Movement" period is to make an effort to remove the essentialism on Chinese Feminist Literature Criticism. The feminist body which states on the form of concept is not the natural and pure physical body, because under the infection of political, it has painted the design of political and culture. Therefore, investigating and returning the feminist body in literature, we should be on the alert for any attempt that makes the feminist body essentialism. On the other hand, inspecting the feminist body concept reveals that there are different cognitions and thoughts in different political cultural atmosphere according to various aims and requires, it shows that this concept isn't unified and stable in the process of history development.At the same time, investigating the feminist body idea from the Late-Qing Dynasty to the "May 4th Movement" period is a litter effort on nativization of Chinese Feminist Literature Criticism. For a long time, this criticism has been influenced by Western feminism, and ignored absorbing and using the idea resource on native culture and literature. Therefore this inspecting should return the scene of Chinese modern times, and find any thoughts and consciousnesses which can promote freeing modern women by distinguishing history nature, these consciousnesses whose distinguishing return the tradition of Chinese women liberation can promote the Chinese characteristic women liberation, and establish the Feminist Literature Criticism containing nativization and Chinese culture connotation.Consequently, the dissertation unfolds content from history and logic. From the historical level, it states the historical trace about feminist body idea from the Late-Qing Dynasty to the "May 4th Movement" period, that is one from Family to Country—masculinization -Female Individual, the other from Family to Country—masculinization—naturalized, the above two traces develop at the same time and form the changed track of feminist body idea in this period. On the other hand, it details feminist body idea, particular and complicated meaning in each historical period. The first chapter, Body:from Family to Country. This chapter investigates the change of feministbody idea in the background of Chinese history reform. Before the Late—Qing Dynasty, dependenceon the family that is ting up feminist body in family authority, managing feminist body in familyethics and measuring the meaning of feminist body in family value is the core of Chinese traditionalfeminist body idea. Until to the Late—Qing Dynasty, this traditional concept suffered unprecedentedshock. Firstly, western missionaries in the Late—Qing Dynasty judged Chinese women customs'civilization and barbarity at the angle of feminist idea in their Christianity, attacked any conceptswhich were not agreed with their Christianity, and even tried to replace Chinese traditional feministides with their own missionary content. Secondly, modern feminist idea disseminated to China. In theLate—Qing Dynasty, some people who went abroad had felt western modern feminist idea advancewhen contacting with the western countries. The more important is that western women played anessential role in production of capitalism, and this inspired those overseas people who were aware ofwomen's utility value to nation. At the same time, western modern feminist idea which wasintroduced to China by advanced intellectuals opened an enlightened door. The mixing and crashingbetween Chinese and western culture enlightened that Chinese reconsidered Chinese traditionalfeminist body idea. Compared with the western thoughts and concepts, Chinese feminist body revealsa profound crisis. These oversea Chinese thought abnormal feminist body is the symbol of weakcountry, barbarous culture and the root of weak nation, especially bounding foot in the field ofnational vision shows that the core of Feminist Body Idea had begun to change: the return of Chinesefeminist body had changed from family to nationality and country.The second chapter is mainly on the feminist body in view of nationality and country. This chapter discusses how the requirements of modern Chinese nationality made people recognize feminist body between Late—Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China, and like that people can mould and design a kind of feminist body accordance with nationality and country. Firstly, the concept of Woman Equal to Man has its own position in awareness domain, this concept publicizes the idea that women's body same as men, this concept aroused women set their new positions in society, both sides unified in the concept of nationality and county. Secondly, in order to reach the uttermost use on nation to feminist body, people not only required breeding function nationalize, but wish women devoted themselves to the establishment of modern Chinese nationality. That controlling sexual desire and emphasizing superior race although stand on both sides of feminist body idea, still point to the same core, but this is not the only way to go. There is idea that if women become the people like men, they will contribute to country. Therefore, that modeling women on men and changing Chinese traditional feminist character in psychology and temperament to get tough and chivalrous masculine is worth to expect, then people modeled women on men's body, hoped a masculine female take the responsibility of saving country with men, finally, masculine feminist body idea came up.The third chapter is the feminist body in science, and mainly discusses the influence of science and scientific idea on Feminist Body Idea in "May 4th Movement" period. In this period, with the transmission of science and scientific thoughts, science gradually became the knowledge foundation of new Feminist Body Idea. Scientific words tried to make feminist body naturalize, escape from its historical ethics, and to establish new Feminist Body Idea. Firstly, under the enlightenment of science, the physical difference between female and male becomes the basis of new gender system. Science and scientific thoughts makes people walk out traditional gender concept and establish the modem one. Secondly, in process of transmitting and accepting course of Female Central Theory, we know the effort of reconstructing feminist body history by weapon of biology, the emphasizing its historical meaning in the name of science so that to establish its social value and meaning in modern society. Finally, the transmission and acceptance of natural psychology opens a thought door for learning sex and liberating female sex, and gifts female sex with legality. In the course of "the liberation of sex", people establish a kind of Feminist Body Idea at the angle of female.The fourth chapter, Female Individual, is the value of feminist body. This chapter states the requirement of Feminist Body Idea on a value level. From "individual finding" to "women finding", modern thoughts urges an overall evaluation of feminist body value on modern society. The establishment of "female individual" is a sign for obtaining new explain of feminist body value in "May 4th Movement" period. "Female individual" means that feminist body escapes from historical obstacle, and excesses traditional feminist body value to make modern value of individuals in this period, while the other important aspect for feminist body idea in "May 4th Movement" period is, at the same time, its body value concept means establishing new body value idea to finish ego and get human's integrity and degree of free.