China's Status And Function In The Establishment And Development Of The World Anti-fascist Alliance

The victory of the anti-fascist war was based on the establishment of the anti-fascist alliance of the world. As one of the four big powers of the Grand Alliance, China is the first country in the world that resisted fascist country's aggression and realized the urgency and the importance to establish an international anti-fascist alliance. From the Lugouqiao Incident to the breakout of the Pacific War, China made continuously effort to promote the creation of the Grand Alliance. After the signature as one of the first four countries on the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942, China became one of the four major United Nations and made great contribution to the development of the Alliance. The viewpoints of this dissertation, which mainly discuss the China's status and function in the establishment and developing process of the Grand Alliance, consist of following three aspects: 1.China is the first country that advocated and actively promoted the creation of the world anti-fascist alliance. 2. After the establishment of the anti-fascist alliance, China's military and diplomatic efforts had great contribution to the consolidation of the Grand Alliance. 3. It is inevitable that there were various divisive issues and contradictions between China and the other three big powers. As a big but weak country in the anti-fascist alliance, China tried her best to maintain the anti-fascist alliance in the process of dissolving these issues. Additionally, the Chinese Communist Party also played important role in the every stage of the anti-fascist alliance's establishment and development.There are four chapters in this dissertation. Chapter One deals with the China's status and function in the establishment of the world anti-fascist alliance. Since 9·18 Incident,there were many people in China who discussed widely and ardently the possible second world war and the policy that China should adopt under these circumstances. Some people argued that China should ally itself with the United States and the Soviet Union which had great stake in the Far East against Japanese aggression. After the breakout of the Lugouqiao Incident, the Nationalist government put forward the proposition of forging alliance against Japan as the government's foreign policy. Under the guidance of this foreign policy, China not only strived actively for the international community's assistance and support, objected to the compromise at the expense of China between the Anglo-American and Japan, but also openly and directly advocated to develop an anti-Japanese alliance between the great powers and China. China's all efforts constituted great contribution to the final establishment of the Grand Alliance. In this process, the Chinese Communist Party also promoted the creation of the anti-fascist alliance by a series of positive activities, such as advocating and maintaining the Chinese People's United Front against the Japanese, appealing for the establishment of the international anti-fascist united front, exposing and resisting the British and American far east appeasement policy, etc.China and the world anti-fascist alliance's consolidation is the focus of Chapter Two. Militarily,not only China coordinated the allied armies'combats in Southeast Asia through the battle of defending Burma,but obeyed at the great self-expense the allied countries'grand strategy that is to place first priority on the defeat of Germany. Diplomatically,China enhanced the relations with Britain and America by Chiang Kai-Shek's visit to India and Song Mei-ling's visit to the United States; China obtained the great power status by the signature of the newly equal treaties with Britain and America,the signature of the Four-Power Declaration on General Security in Moscow and the presence of the Conference at Cairo,which is helpful to strengthen the cooperation based on equality among the allied countries and to the consolidation of the Grand Alliance. The Chinese Communist Party also made great effort to consolidate the anti-fascist alliance by the activities of maintaining the internal unity of the Chinese People's United Front against the Japanese, of enhancing the relation with the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union and of supporting the allied countries'grand strategy.China and the world anti-fascist alliance's maintenance is the subject of Chapter Three. After the Pacific War, the Sino-Soviet relation gradually became desolate. The Sinkiang problem was an important factor which resulted in the deterioration of the Sino-Soviet relation. In order to avoid the continuous deterioration of the Sino-Soviet relation that would effect the unity of the Grand Alliance, China stepped initiatively forward and made great concession for the improvement of the Sino-Soviet relation under the America's mediation. There were many differences and contradictions between China and Britain about the problems of the territory, loan, counterattack battle of Burma and China'great power status. The emergence of these differences mainly rooted in the British colonialism and her unequal treat to China. In spite of this,China still made some diplomatic efforts to dissolve these differences and contradictions. During the Second World War, the Sino-American alliance experienced three crises around the Lend-Lease materials and its domination, the entry of the troops in Yunnan into the battle of Burma and Stilwell's command problem. It was in the foundation of resolving these crises that the Sino-American alliance survived. In addition,China also actively promoted the creation of the United Nations through the participation in the decision-making of the United Nations'construction and function, the mediation of the contradictions among great powers and speaking for the benefits of small countries. China's all efforts to the creation of the United Nations are helpful to strengthen the cooperation among the allied countries and to the maintenance of the world anti-fascist alliance. The Chinese Communist Party also endeavored to maintain the anti-fascist alliance by some military and diplomatic efforts which included welcoming the Dixie Mission, coordinating Hurley's mediation between CCP-KMT, strengthening relation with the Soviet Union.The last Chapter is the section of conclusion which generalizes three problems: the world anti-fascist alliance and the victory of the Second World War, the China's status and function in the establishment and development of the world anti-fascist alliance, and the historical enlightenment. As far as the historical enlightenment is concerned, it consists of three points: self-independence and self-renewal is the only road to maintain national independence and enhance the international status and influence; in dealing with the relations between China and the other countries especially the great powers,it is necessary to master appropriately the limit of confrontation and détente; the whole process of the anti-fascist alliance'establishment and development offers some precious experiences for the construction of a harmonious world.