Xinxiang City Anti-rightist Movement Study

The Anti-Rightist Movement is a significant political movement in the medium-term 1950s in China, which have significant and far-reaching effect on the history of CPC and the history of PRC. It turned the correct direction of searching for the way of China socialist modernization dependently to a wrong way after CPC had finished the Socialist Transformation, and it got into a mess that the class struggle in the aspect of political development was extended and the convenient door for the grandiloquent and rash Great Leap Forward in the aspect of economic construction was opened. The following twenty years, the Leftist Mistakes in China became more and more severe. So the research on the Anti-Rightist Movement has a special and significant meaning.Different from other related research subjects, I try to reveal the logic of the movement that operated in a region through explaining the Anti-Rightist Movement in the city of Xinxiang. That is how to happen, how to push on step by step, the attitude and reflection of the people, and the result of this movement. Then I further reveal how the Leftist Mistakes of CPC take up the dominate status from top to bottom and how it distorts the political and social relationship in a region. On the base, I discuss the factors that affect the transition of CPC from the Revolutionary Party to the Ruling Party.This paper consists of three parts, that is, the introduction, five chapters in text and the conclusion.In the introduction part, I relate the causes, purposes, research methods, the recall of the academic history, the collection of information and difficulties on this research.In the first chapter, I mainly explain the background of the Anti-Rightist Movement in the city of Xinxiang. Through the survey of history and natural environment, the party organization of CPC and cadre status in the office, the Socialist Transformation and the Movement of eliminating Counterrevolutionaries, I want to reveal several political and social factors that affect the Anti-Rightist Movement in Xinxiang. As a center of the previous influence before the liberation and a city liberated by peace way, there were many people who had worker in the past office and still worked in the present-day office, and the social structure was very complex, which were made up of the historical background of the Anti-Rightist Movement in this region. The improper practices of the organizational development of CPC and the promotion of cadre, and the excessive doings in previous political movement were all the important facters that implused Free Expression of Opinion in the Movement of Rectifying the Working Style of The Party, and affected the progress of Anti-Rightist Movement in Xinxiang in the sequel.In the second chapter, I mainly expound the Movement of Rectifying the Working Style of The Party in Xinxiang. The Movement was carried through under the deployment of the superior party organization. At the beginning of the Movement, most party members and cadres who took part in took the disregarded and doubtful attitude. Under demonstration and supervision of the superior party organization, the Movement of Free Expression in Xinxiang developped gradually. The free expression of opinion mainly concentrated on the organizational development of CPC, cadre promotion, special privilege, welfare, rude working style of leading cadre, the phenomena that the nonparty cadre had the duty but didn't have the power, and the excessive doings in the Movement of Eliminating Counterrevolutionaries and so forth. But in fact most of the opinions didn't relate to the political system. When the disordered situation appeared in the beginning phase of the Movement of Free Expression, the City Committee of CPC tried to restrict and lead it, but when it knew that the superior party had decided to turn to the Anti-Rightist Movement, the correct efforts were interrupted and reversed.In the third chapter I mainly explain the Anti-Rightist Movement in the city of Xinxiang. Under the deployment to Anti-Rightist struggle of the superior party organization, in order to tempt the rightist to emerge, the Party organization in Xinxiang actively pushed the the movement of free expression to the climax, and the very violent situations appeared. At the beginning of the Anti-Rightist struggle, the City Committee of CPC was very cautious, however, after the extended cadre meeting in August 1957. the movement turned to the stage of fanning and deep digging, and it was extended rapidly. Most cadre and people didn't understand the struggle fully, and the City Committee wanted to eliminate their doubt and turned their negative attitude, so they tried their best to mobilize them. There were self-mutilation and suicide events that occurred in the violent struggles to the Rightists, but these incidents weren't regarded and didn't affect the penetration and extension of the movement.In the fourth chapter, I take the Anti-Rightist Struggle of business community in Xinxiang as an example to reflect the Anti-Rightist struggle situations of other branch in Xinxiang. The main problems of the the Movement of Free Expression in business community were the relationship of working together between the state and the private, fixed interest, bilateral character and the arrangement of businessmen's job. All these were the normal reflect on the remaining problems of Socialist Transformation, but after the Anti-Rightist movement, they became the evidence that the private needed to take the transformation continually. The beginning of the Anti-Rightist struggle of business community was to expose and animadvert Jiang Hengwu who was the deputy manager of a factory, not only because he expressed the opponent opinion of the party, socialism and transformation, but because the workers in his factory making trouble should be clamed down, and the dissatisfaction of business community should be controlled. On the slogan of delivering soul to CPC and self-remolding, the business community held the movement of delivering soul to CPC under the guidance of CPC. Based on the retroactive expression which was forced to delivere in the movement, some industrialists were classified as rightists. The result of the movement of delivering soul was so terrible that after that the enthusiasm of industrialist self-remolding and engaging in the socialism construction depressed far and away.In the fifth chapter, I mainly review the Supplementary Struggle in the Anti-Rightist Movement in Xinxiang, and the disposure and reformation of rightist. In July 1958, the Henan Province Committee of CPC launched the movement that opposed Pan, Yang,Wang in all the field, and took it as a Supplementary Struggle of the Anti-Rightist movement. In this movement, Xinxiang city classified another group of rightist through the mature experience that entrapped rightist in the former time. The disposure of rightist was severe in Xinxiang, and about two third of rightists were punished who were fired out, or dismissed, or reeducated through labor, or supervised to labor and so on. After 1959, under the deployment of superior party organization, the Party began to pick off rightists' politice hats who reformed well and once rehabilitated some rightist who had been classified wrong. This course was stopped after the beginning of Culture Revolution, and after 1978 all rightists' politice hats were tipped and they was also rehabilitated.In the conclusion part, I summarize the characteristics of the Anti-Rightist Movement in Xinxiang, and analyze the reasons why they appear. The main characteristics are: (1) Although the movement was so violent, but it wasn't the worst one. (2) Majority of the rightists lived and worked at the basic unit, and the common official occupied the most. (3) It was controlled by the superincumbent movement from beginning to end, and its severe extension was passive to a great extent. In this part, I discuss the factors that affected the transition of CPC from the Revolutionary Party to the Ruling Party, the function of the movement of rectifying the working style of The Party and the reformation of political and economical system on the transition, and the importance of the building of democracy and legal system.