"Symbol Going To The Countryside": Status Constructing In Nation Integrating, 1946-2006

As the fundamental unit of the social structure, status is the result of refining and distinguishing individuals' political-social characteristics in a society. Since the latter half of the twentieth century, farmers' status has taken on a strong construction, while such a construction's purpose is to classify the individuals, to realize the social stratification so as to achieve social valid integration and positive operation. There is a inner perforation between fanners' status system and nation integration mechanism. The change of farmers' status often means the transformation of nation integration. The dissertation focus its emphasis on investigating how a nation constructs farmers' status, studying the process, mechanism and dilemmas of status-based symbol's entering the countryside, exploring the forms, capability and limitation of nation's integrating the rural society.Part one of the dissertation focuses on the conditions of pre-land-reform social stratification and status system in the countryside. It points out that in traditional China, the most basic characteristics of farmers' status system is hierarchy with fairly strong inherence, naturality, coerciveness and stability. There is grade separation with certain degree in rural society, but it is limited by villages' cultural rules and relation network and it has a great tension with the so-called 'class differentiation' of the land-reform period.Part two focus on the period of the land reform. It interprets the ways, path and result of nation's entering villages, the response and the change of behavior pattern of outside-of-politics farmers during the political-social change, the change of farmers' idea of nation, consciousness and the transformation of nation integrating mechanism after nation and its will embedded into farmers' daily life. Class status demarcation resulted in subversion and reconstruction of farmers' status system. Rural society realized its reclassification and the social stratification system took an essential change. A new stratification system based on class status has been established. By virtue of political infiltration, social classification and organizational rebuilding, nation realized its social political integration of rural society. The country and its people were gradually brought into national political life. In the meantime, fanners' identification pattern and ways has changed a lot, from social cultural identification to political identification, from family to political system.Part three focuses on the Agriculture Cooperation and People's Commune period. It studies the connection between cooperation society member's status and class status and commune society member's, commune society member's qualification and resource allotment, villages and farmers' reaction, acceptance and dissolving of based-on-status symbol's entering. I think that class status is continued, expanded, enhanced and further generalized, qualifications and resources allotment of society member not only have something to do with class status, but also are related with political consciousness and personal performance, and take this as foundation to establish the social layering system with political layering at heart. The active logic of fanner and nation had the consistency with certain degree and also exhibited deeper fracture, so that the nation had to adopt a directing accordingly, and display difference between crowds of different category.Part four starts from reform and focuses on farmers' essential attaining of national status and materiality of citizenry status, the change in social characteristics, political identity and social stratification system, the retransformation of national integration model. All these change took place after "revolution" eliminating, "class" fade-out and citizen ID card establishing. After reforming, farmer's independence greatly strengthens, the subjective position is also increasingly prominent now, the individualized society begins to rise, nation's integrating mechanism has turned from administrative integration to economic, lawful and service integration. Folk integration mechanism renews and farmer's applausive identification of nation shows now.The last part combs and summarizes the research logically and participates in and responds to discussions related to the topic in the academic field.