Study On Shipeng In Northeast Of China

The main study object of this paper is the dolmen in broad sense, and the contents contain conception, type, distribution, cultural connotation, age, origin and the relationship among them.The preface defines the object,space-time and contents of the paper, and makes the method and the aim clear as well as what can be achieved.Chapter one: The definition and type of the dolmen. This paper briefly confirms the connotation of the dolmen and the standard of how to define them. According to the evidence of archaeological remains in northeast of China and the discussion in details of the structure about the dolmen, and the nearest achievement of the type study, the dolmen can be divided into dolmen tombs and the stone-cover tombs.Chapter two: Study on the dolmen tombs. According to the different chamber construction of the signal stone standing dolmen tombs and the relationship of all sorts of dolmen tombs we conclude that: the dolmen tomb changes its form and prevalent period in different regions .The coffin-shaped type in the hinterland of Liaodong Peninsula are the earliest of all, and the date can be traced back to Shang Dynasty. The date of the chamber-shaped type in the mountains area of the northeast Liaoning lasts for a long time until the middle Warring States. when the laying stones type be made is still a secret, but its continuous period is also very long, even often makes appearance after Xihan Dynasty in the east Liaoning mountainous area.Chapter three: Study on the stone-cover tombs. Through the systematically comparing and the studying on the relics unearthed from different types of tomb in every region, we find there are three kinds of culture systems from Xia Dynasty to Warring States in the east of Liaoning: Machengzi culture with catacomb and stone-sarcophagus centers on the east Liaoning mountainous area; Shuangtuozi culture with stone-mound grave and barrow centers on the southeast Liaoning coastal area; Another culture which we can call it "Huojiawobu culture" in present with dolmen and Stone-cover should be existed in the hinterland of east Liaoning. The upper limit date of the stone-cover tombs in Biliuhe River dates from the middle Shang Dynasty. The stone-cover tombs found in the south of Jilin and the north of Liaoning have three stages, and the early date can reach the late Spring-Autumn period, while the late date may go down to the middle Xihan Dynasty at least.Chapter four: Conclusion. The dolmen tombs and the stone-cover tombs belong to a relatively independent cultural system. The relationship between them is worth to further exploration, and being paid enough attention.so,it is necessary to establish a study system of Chinese dolmen tombs.