Trend Towards A Common Civilization

Jurchen formed the Jin dynasty in the early of 12 centuries. They defeated Liao and Northern Song in short time and entered into Central China. The culture of Jin dynasty was flourish although the empire kept more than one hundred years. But more scholars considered that Jurchen was "Barbarians" and the Jin was a "Conquer Dynasty" . So some of them expounded that Han assimilated Jurchen and "Hanicize" leaded the contabescence of Jin dynasty.This paper worked over the history of Jin dynasty in period of DaDing (大定) to ChengAn (承安) , and reviewed the changes of culture and scholar-gentry themselves, then found out the Jin dynasty had trended to civilization during the period of 40 years(1160-1200).The people in Jin dynasty, include emperor and scholar bureaucrat, were seemed themselves as a member of Jin. When the government was faced with danger, they tried to retrieve it. They regarded their culture as the orthodox school of China. Different nations people in Jin dynasty had common understanding about their political and culture. During the 40 years, Jin and Song dynasty had a culture trendency. Jin and Song were not heterogeneous culture. Their relationship had became homogeneous confrontation. This research found the identity of Jurchen had changed, they were no more barbaric conqueror and became real emperor of Middle China . The emperor run the empire with orthodox culture of China, they regarded themselves as an inheritor of Northern Song.This paper found the political system and style had changed in the period of Xi Tsung and Hai Ling. The Jurchen changed their common understanding of culture. They gave up the life-style of conqueror and implemented the rule of civilization. Hai Ling wanted to unified Northern and Southern China. He moved the capital to YanJing(燕京) and launched a war to Southern Song. The war was defeated but it broken the misunderstanding between the Hans and other nations in Northern China. Shih Tsung pulled off a spectacular coup. He against Hai Ling and regulated the political structure and order which was abolished by Hai Ling. He wanted to restore the Jurchen culture. Although he had not attend the object but the objective result was that his policies spurred the course of civilization. The period from DaDing to ChengAn became a millennium in the impression of scholar. Chinese in central passed imperial examination and participated in regime system. They had comfortable life in Jin dynasty and did homage to the court consciously. The culture of Jin dynasty had been approved by all nations in Jin dynasty. Jin and Song made treaty at early Lung Hsing (隆兴). But Southern Song dynasty contended for etiquette(争礼) in external affair, this coursed the culture competition between the two courts. The result has improved a fact that Jin dynasty was the real administer all over the China.At last the paper research Kui Ch'ien Chih(《归潜志》), a text of common understanding of scholar-gentry in Jin dynasty. This history data recorded a group of scholar in Late Jin dynasty, they drunk and recited poems, they discoursed on Tao(道) and other ancient academic together. They are not only a culture group but also a political group. The member of Jin dynasty was their common understanding. When the court entered into crisis, they began to introspect the political and the culture, wanted to save the state. They restored the scholar system, and dated back their traditional culture from Northern Song to Tang. They also questioned the culture of Southern Song in order to remain the self-awareness status. All of these were reflected with their idea which they were people of Jin dynasty. This idea was took shape in the period of Da Ding to Cheng An.