Young People The Impression Management Of Explicit And Implicit Processing Model

Impression management,as called self presentation,is a central concept about the self research in social cognition field.There have been accumulated the massive research material in the social psychology domain since Goffman did an initial work on impression management in 1959.These work discussed the humans' "chameleon" effect in the social environment.This article pays attention to the research of self from the personality psychology angle and regards the impression management as a positive self-construction process,taking the individual's activity and selfadjustment extremely in the social situation.And this article also considers impression management as a necessary social skill in the socialized process for adolescents.In the theoretical analysis section of the present dissertation,the author mainly described the research of impression management from the social psychology field,the research of the sociality of self,the self information processing,the self-scheme and the implicit self from the personality psychology field,and summarized the research technique about the social situation and the controversy of person-situation interaction.1500 middle-school students participated the series studies.The empirical research is composed by four model contents and each of the contents is composed by two parts.The situation-role situation tests,which was originated in this paper,explored the adolescents' impression management explicit processing pattern and the personality influence factors.The implicit experimental methods discussed the implicit processing model of the adolescents' impression management,which included the process style of the self scheme,the implicit self and the self information processing.The conclusions are showed in details as following.1 The dissociation between impression management orientations of the adolescentsStudy 1 established Impression Management Orientation Scale of Adolescent.Item analysis and factor analysis showed that there are self-orientation and interpersonal-orientation in this scale.Study 2 surveyed the influence factors to impression management orientation of adolescent.All of the factors include self-monitor(SMS),self-esteem(SES) and the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire(FFPQ),the version for Students revised by Zou Hong(2001).The results showed that there was no gender and grades difference on self-orientation impression management,which has been significantly predicted from extraversion,openness and self-esteem.Senior high school students were better on interpersonal-orientation impression management than junior students. Self-monitor,emotionality and discretion have significant predictive on interpersonal-orientation.From Study 1 and Study 2 we can inference that the impression management orientation is a motive and a goal for impression management.The development trend of impression management orientation is from self-harmony to self-harmony and interpersonal-harmony together.2 The explicit and implicit processing property of impression management reference schemes in the adolescentsIndividual often adopts three impression management reference schemes such as semantic-exercise model,adopter-schema model and self-schema model(Holden,Fekken& Cotton, 1991).The situation-role situation tests in Study 3 surveyed the students opinion about the acting level of roles when they acts different roles,including the interpersonal/moral role and the ability role, according semantic-schema and self-schema.The results presented that the acting level of semanticschema is higher,especially for the interpersonal/moral role.The ability role in self-schema reference had more acting.Self-monitor and discretion has predictive on the acting level of roles but the Beta coefficient was low.The results indicated that the situation factors have more affect on the roles acting.Students from Grade 11 in three schemes have same d' and differentβto acting response words and true response words when they were examined by Signal Detected Theory(Study 4).Theβin adopter-schema and self-schema is strict,which indicated that the acting behavior in these schemas could be easily affected by subjective standard and the degree of self-involved was deeper.Study 5 investigated the adjustment effect of the cognition evaluation on the roles acting level in three schemes reference.The results revealed that the cognition evaluation made the students from Grade 11 in the self-schema change their after-test judgment more than the other two schemes in the same situation test,the next was the judgment in the adopter-schema,and the last was the semanticschema. The acting behavior in the semantic-schema was stereotyped.Thus,the processing in the self-scheme is more implicit than the processing in the adopterschema and semantic- schema reference on impression management.3 The explicit and implicit property of impression management tendencies in the adolescents"Tendency" means that individual presents the corresponding self in the situation among multiple selves.Study 6 adopted the situation-role situation tests for the research of impression management tendencies,and the SMS,the SES and the FFPQ.The results suggested that the middle school students presented their corresponding interpersonal and moral quality.They presented their interpersonal attributive in front of the stranger,especially for the female students.Only when facing the familiar the students presented their ability in the ability-tendency situation.The students presented moral and interpersonal quality when they meet the authority.The match impression management tendency in the corresponding situation has not been predicted from personality factors but more predicted from situational factors,especially from the factor of the situation object.The GNAT for implicit cognition experiment in Study 7 found that the implicit attitude of the middle school students to the ability-self and the moral-self is identical.And the implicit positive effect on the ability-self from the female was more significant than the female.From Study 6 and Study 7 we can get that the situational factors made the students present their moral-self to obtain social desirability.Study 8 established an ability situation in different culture context.The results indicated that the students regard the roles from the Western culture must present ability-self more than the roles from the Chinese culture background.Study 9 argued the priming effect of mood on impression management ability-tendency.The results showed that there was no priming effect.But the anonymous social exemplar has the priming effect on the ability-tendency(Study 10).From these studies we can know that the presentation on impression management tendencies are affected more by culture and situational factors and less by individuals' properties.The implicit positive effects on different selves are more implicit than the effect on impression management from culture and situational factors although the latter can get to the automatic processing.And the presentation on impression management tendencies in the socializing of adolescents has already completed in the middle school stage.4 The adapitive option of impression management strategies in the adolescentsThe present paper discussed the obtained impression management strategy and the defensive impression management strategy in different social situation of the middle school students.Study 11 took the investagation with the situation-role situation tests for the research of impression management strategies and the SMS,the SES and the FFPQ.The main results revealed that the students adopted the obtained strategy more in the moral situation but less when they were facing the authority.The senior and the female students were more have the feature of "chameleon". Extroversion,self-esteem,emotionality have significant predictive on the obtained strategy.Also the extroversion has the prediction in the interpersonal situation and the moral situation.And self-esteem has the prediction on the obtained strategy in the ability situation and the authority object situation. All of these Beta coefficients are high and this indicated that the impression management strategy may be affected more by individuals' properties and their personality. With the Attentional Probe Task,Study 12 examined the cognitive processing bias to the obtained strategy words and the defensive strategy words of the different group students who adopted different strategy in the same situation.The results showed that the obtained strategy group has the selective processing bias and retrieval bias to the obtained strategy words.And the same result was in the defensive group.It found that the mood(Study 13) and the action properties word(the impression management words)(Study 14) have the priming effect on the impression management strategy.From Study 11,12,13,14 we can inferemce that the impression management strategy is a stable action property and personality factor.Compared with the situational factors,the individual property is more implicit.When the individual makes impression management judgment in the social situation,he would make coordination between the situational factors and own need,cognition, mood,motive,attitude and etc,which be called individual property.The author suggested that the terminology "situation scheme" could expression the individual cognition to the different situation.The terminology "individual property system",which includes the cognition,the need,the affection,the motive,the attitude and the action property,can expression the feature of the object in the situation in view of the situation factor system.On the existing evidence from the present series studies,this dissertation proposes an impression management model for the adolescents.The model "situation & individual property -> impression management action pattern" points out that(1) the situation factors and the individual property system are the condition and the influence factors on impression management,and there is the covariant relation between the two systems.(2)The explicit processing model and the implicit processing model of impression management are all adaptive behavior in the social circumstance.(3) Self-harmony and interpersonal harmony together is the impression management goals for the adolescents in Chinese culture.