A Study On Several Syntactic Phenomena About Word Order

Focus word order we choose three kind of syntactic phenomena in particular: The order counterchanges of syntactic constituent that reflect the alterability of word order, including the order problem of Chinese S-S-V Sentences, the Sentences that subject and object can interchange, the problem that S-V and V-O can counterchange, this three problems all relate to the counterchange of subject and object, Also including the problem that adverbial modifier and attribute can counterchange; The order of syntactic constituent that reflect the steadiness of word order, including the order of multinomial adverbial modifier and the order of multinomial attribute; The order problem that relate to empty word, we study the positional activity of empty word"自然". The thesis contains eight parts , apply the theory of Generative Grammar and Cognitive Grammar mostly, use the research means of Construction Grammar and Functional Grammar for reference. Explain syntactic phenomena, hunting syntactic rule.The first part, exordium. for one thing, on the basis of various expert's attitude ,we discuss the character of word order ,divide"语序"and"词序", give the word order new explication . In the next place, we introduce the research state and harvest of modern Chinese word order, there are also many matters need us to study, then put forward the content that we are going to study.The second part, word order problem relate to Chinese S-S-V Sentences. According to TG grammar, for prototype structure there is a syntactic constituent shift in Chinese S-S-V Sentences. So we analyze the phenomena of syntactic constituent shift, sum up the limitative qualification for shift. Besides, discuss the conditions that restrict the ubiety of the two subjects.The third part, the interchange between subject and object. We classify this syntactic phenomena newly, according to the syntactic and semantic analysis of subject,object and verb, we discuss its particularity. Also, dissertate its motivation from two aspects: the subjective reconstruct of objective information, the conditions that syntactic structure restrict constructional meaning.The forth, the counterchange problem between S-V and V-O. Study the semantic difference of verb in two structures mainly. Discuss the restriction that verbs apply to the accusative constituent witch it contact; Discuss the restriction that syntactic structure apply to the verbs from the angle that nominal constituent and its station can influence verb; According to the contrast analysis between S-V and V-O, sum up the semantic difference of verb in different structure; Discuss the verbs that can emerge in the sentences that S-V and V-O can counterchange.The fifth, the counterchange problem between adverbial modifier and attribute. Present this phenomena adequately, probe into the rule that behind it. Classify the sentences that adverbial modifier and attribute can counterchange, according to the semantic orientation of adverbial modifier; Discuss the particularity of this syntactic phenomena, according to the analysis toward adverbial modifier,predicate,subject and object; Discuss the difference between adverbial modifier sentences and attribute sentences, from the angle of syntactic structure; Analyze the pragmatic motivation of the counterchange between adverbial modifier and attribute.The sixth, the order of multinomial attribute. Mainly expatiate on the order of multinomial attribute, according to the relation type between attribute and head phrase. Discuss the order of four kind of attribute: situational,descriptive,explanatory and classified attribute; Dissertate the order of the descriptive attribute and the order of the explanatory attribute in particularity; Discuss the order of multinomial qualitative adjectives which are monosyllabic with the theory of linguistic philosophy.The seventh, the order of multinomial adverbial modifier. Classified the adverbial modifier by its semantic scope and semantic orientation, then discuss the order problem of multinomial adverbial modifier, probe into the scope of the changeability and solidity about this order. Further more, analyze the rule of the order of multinomial adverbial modifier.The eighth, the word order problem that relate to empty word. we study the activity of empty word"自然". Analyze the reason why"自然"has a agility in locality, according to the relation between"自然"and mood adverb, the relation between"自然"and conjunct adverb, and the semantic scope of"自然". Contrast the"自然"that in different locality, found that there are some difference for"自然"in different locality, mainly include five aspect: mood, focus, syntatic relationship in Complex Sentences, evidentiality and modality, the degree of grarnmaticalzation.