On Poetic Thoery Of Shi Pin

Shi Pin is the first works of China's poetric monographs, it is of great importance in the history of China's literature theory. There have been plenty of works about Shi Pin. However, there is no systematic research about it's poetics .The thesis will be divided into five chapters: chapter one will focus on the present research summary about Shi Pin and put forward the research plan; chapter two is about the poetic methods; chapter three is about the research of the poetric system; chapter four will concentrate about the historical view of peotry; chapter five is about positive meaning of Shi Pin' research to the construction of the contemporary poetic theory.Chapter one summarizes the contemporary research situation and then bring forward the research plan, it is divided into two parts: the first part is the present research situation of Shi Pin, it concludes the present basic research situation and theoretical research situation; the second part is the research plan of Shi Pin, it points out that the research of Shi Pin includes poetric method research, poetric system research and poetric history view.Chapter two will look into the poetric methods of Shi Pin, it is divided into seven sections: Section one is the method of classification of poems based on tracing their sources. This method is criticized by some poetric critics as they believed that the aim of this method is just to find the academic relation of poets, however, this method in Shi Pin is trying to distinguish the similarities of the works' style. During Qin dynasty, people have had some understanding about poem's sytle. Until Wei and Jin Dynasty people have made detailed distinction about the style features of different poems. After Wei and Jin Dynasty, poems' style are retrospectivesome. So, when Shi Pin comment on the poem's style of different people, it always trace back to Shi Jing and Chu Ci. The second method is appraisal. This method will focus on the comparision of different poets' works . The third method is adversaria. This method will look into the relation of the poems and its background. The forth method is tracing back to poets' life experience. This method began from Mencius' idea of" Shang You" , but the commenters use it as a critic method subsequently. Zhong Rong succeeded to it and contacted poets' background, aesthetic taste and the works' style. The fifth method is quote saying. Perhaps it is emanated from Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Shi Shuo Xin Yu reflected a man's pneuma by this man's few words, and so to reflect the whole world. So it is called the corpora of conversation. Shi Hua is also called the corpora of conversation in Parnassus, and qua the earliest ancestor of Shi Hua, Shi Pin is very good at using this method, it reflects its view of the factors and course of the poem production based on people's conversation or debation. The sixth method is putting sentences in criticism. This method is influenced by diplomats in pre-Qin Dynasty who always enjoy quoting poems at meeting. Also this methos is influenced by reviewers of Jin and Song Dynasty who always enjoying quoting verses. Zhong Rong carried on this method, he always comments on poems by quoting a few words, and he also expresses his poem view by this means. In the sequel putting sentences in criticism become an important style of commenting in classical Chinese poetry. The seventh method is imagery criticism. Imagery thought and analogy thought are conventional ways of thinking, It is one of characteristics of Chinese thinking, and is embeded deeply in the concepts of conventional poem research. Zhong Rong is also unexceptional. Simile and metaphor can add the vividness of the poems, it combinds the criticism and creation, and shows the nationality of Chinese aesthetic needs by using visual imagery or by using the words which have the features of poem.Chapter three is focusing on system of poetics. It is divided into six sections: Section one is about the view of poem's inbeing. The conventional idea of "poetry expresses purpose" is of significant influence. To Wei and Jin Dynasty, as aesthetic consciousness become more and more aware, the content and style of poems embody the characters of new epoch. Zhong Rong carried on Lu Ji's idea of "the poem follows the sentiment", and emphasized the idea of "express sensation by intoneing", and this idea is an important shift about the view of poem's inbeing in the history of Chinese literary theory. Section two is the view of poem's function. The conventional literature thoery emphasizes the poems' value of enhancing people's cultivation and practical usage, Zhong Rong admited this idea, however, he emphasized on poems' function of emotion expression, this signifies people's further understanding of poems' aesthetic character. Section three is the idea of poems' origin. For the origin of the Five-Character Poems, most of the critics believed that Shi Jing are the source of the the Five-Character Poems, but Zhong Rong put forward an idea that the Five-Character Poems origins from the songs of Xia and Zhou dynasties, this idea are more reasonable; Zhong Rong also believed that the Five-Character Poems written by literati began from the early years of Xi Han Dynasty, this idea really shows his eximious insight. Section four is about development of poems. Zhong Rong offerded us a concise history of the Five-Character Poems by delineating them from Xia Dynasty to Qi Dynasty. Section five is the idea of inditement. This section is different from the poem origin which is mention in section three, poem origin is about the appearance of poem from the angle of types of literature, but this part focus on the appearance of poem from the angle of text. Zhong Rong pointed out the idea of "sensation be stired, and so express by dancing and intoning", and he put forward many rules and methods of poem production when he explained "sanyi", for example "express ambitions by the substance","text is over but the meaning is continuing", especialy the latter is actually the exordium of the core concept "yijing" which is the most important concept of Chinese poem theory. Section six is about the theory of poem acceptance. Poem acceptance can be divided into common acceptance and professional acceptance. Zhong Rong's idea "oral comments" can be classified into common acceptance, this acceptance is always diffusive and without certain rules, Zhong Rong took negative idea about this view. Shi Pin belongs to professional acceptance certainly. The idea of "direct description" and "savor" yielded significant influence to the history of Chinese poetic thoery. Shi Pin paid attention to appreciation and comprehension, this become a basic rule of the afterward poetic thoery.Chapter four is focusing on Shi Pin's history view of poem, it embodies its history view by commenting on one hundred and twenty-three poets and their works which were divided into three grades. If we rearrange those poets by the norm of time, it can be seen that Zhong Rong had generalized the main poem style of every age. He commented on Han poems , Wei poems, Xi Jin poems, Dong Jin poems, Liu-Song poems, Xiao-Qi poems, Xiao-Liang poems with desolation, verve, brilliance, abstruseness, lambency, elegant, graceful respectively. From the comment on those typical poets and poem style, we can see that Shi Pin tried to costruct the history of poem, and this work makes it the firm base for the following literature history research.Chapter five is about the important meaning for contemporary literature thoery construction by researching Shi Pin. Chinese literary theory has past five periods from the founding of the PRC and has made great progress, but there is too obvious trace of western style and it is lack of national creation. The construction of Chinese poem theory must based on the contemporary time, and establish stable contemporary style by the modernization of tradition, by the localization of the outside things, and by the theorization of specific things. During these three items, the most emergent task is the modernization of tradition, and Shi Pin will be an important aspect in the course of the modernization of conventional poem theory.Innovations of the thesis are as follows: first, it analyzes Shi Pin from the angle of poem theory; second, the thesis put forward many new ideas, for example, the thesis points out that: 1)Shi Pin makes the first shift of poem's inbeing in the history of Chinese literature; 2)Shi Pin is the source of yijing theory; 3)Shi Pin makes poetries' asthetic function euqally important with its political and educational function; 4)Shi Pin's aesthetic criticism, Confucius' moral criticism and Mencius'social history criticism become the main three poetric criticism modes; 5)Shi Pin has specific consciousness of the construction of poem history, and it had generalized the main poem style of every dynasty.